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Visigoths:
-Name translates to "western Goths", but they referred to themselves as the valiant Goths (considering being associated with the west as bad luck)
-In the third century CE dwelt at the northeastern border of the empire, often making raids on Roman villages
-Around 376 are driven south into the empire by the Huns
-Romans agree to allow the Visigoths under Fritigern to stay in imperial lands
-Demands by Roman government provoke the Visigoths to rebel
-The Visigoths defeat the Romans at Adrianople in 378, killing the emperor Valens along with two-thirds of the army Emperor Theodosius I ends the war and offers the Visigoths the status of foederati, allies who are given land in the empire in exchange for defending it against invasion
-In 395 Alaric comes to rule the Visigoths and demands more land for his people and greater importance in the empire, leading them south and plundering Greece
-Alaric attacks the city of Rome in 401, but is eventually turned back in 403
-The assassinations and executions of various members of the Roman elite (including Stilcho, the commander of the defenses of Rome) led to many soldiers joining to Alaric against Rome
-Visigoths take siege of Rome in 408 and manage to take a ransom of 5,000 pounds of gold, 30,000 pounds of silver, 4,000 silk tunics, 3,000 scarlet hides, and 3,000 pounds of pepper in exchange for ending the siege
-After a second siege in 409, Alaric sets up a emperor to oppose Honorius, who came to power after Theodosius I's death
-This emperor, Priscus Attalus, lost northern Africa, the source of much of Rome's grain, to Honorius and Theodosius II
-Once negotiations with Honorius fall through, Alaric leads an attack on Rome, taking it in 410
-Alaric makes an attempt at taking back Africa, but his fleet's destruction and his subsequent death put an end to the campaign
-After Alaric's death, the Visigoths left Italy for the Pyrenees and settled in Aquitaine Gaul, which they were made
foederati in exchange for
Huns:
-In the late fourth century, the Huns arrive in eastern Europe from the northern
Black Sea area
-Within a decade, they have defeated or run the Gothic tribes from their lands in central Europe
-Upon the death of the Hunnish leader Rugila in 434, his nephews Bleda and Atilla take control of the lands conquered by the Huns
-The brothers negotiate a tribute of 300 kg of gold per year, the return of Hunnish fugitives, and a price of 96 denarii for each captive the Huns had taken
-The Huns shift their focus to Persia during the 430s after the treaty, giving the Roman emperor Theodosius II the opportunity to prepare for an attack from invading forces
-In 440 the Huns under the brothers cross the Danube into the eastern empire and begin attacking forts on the rivers
-That same year, the Vandals attacked and took control of Rome's African territories. As a result, Rome sent all available forces to take back the southern provinces, leaving the western border virtually undefended for the Huns to push into the Balkans
-Atilla and Bleda pushed much of the way down the Danube before stopping in 442
-Once Theodosius recalled the Roman armies, he refused the terms of the Huns, who responded by taking cities on their way to Byzantium, aided by the use of siege weaponry
-The Huns met the Roman armies at Gallipolis and
Constantinople, defeating them both times\par}
-Without an army, Theodosius was forced to surrender
to the Huns in 443, who greatly increased the cost of the terms of the former treaty
, which included tripling the tribute that the empire was to pay\par}
-Once their demands were met, the Huns retreated
to their lands north of the Danube for a few years\par}
-Around 445, Bleda dies, according to some sources
at his brother Atilla\u8217\'92s hand, leaving the Hunnish empire under Atilla\u8217
\'92s rule\par}
-In 450 Atilla leads the Huns into the western
empire on the pretext of a message from the sister of the western emperor Honorius
, which he takes as an offer of marriage, and demands half of the empire as her
dowry\par}
-Upon entering Gaul, Atilla\u8217\'92s forces
are defeated by an army of Roman, Visigothic, and Burgundian soldiers\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Withdrawing from Gaul, the Huns invade northern
Italy in early 452, retreating only when famine and disease threaten\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 In 453, Atilla the Hun, feared by Europe, dies
in his bed\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 After Atilla\u8217\'92s death, the infighting
among his sons breaks the Hunnish empire apart, disappearing by the end of the
fifth century}}