{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\deff0\uc1{\fonttbl{\f0\fcharset0 Times New Roman;}{\f1\fcharset2
Wingdings;}}{\colortbl ;}{\stylesheet{\s0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\sl240\slmult1\f0
\fs20\kerning28 Normal;}}\paperw12240\paperh15840\margt1440\margl1800\margr1800\margb1440
\headery720\footery864\deftab720\pgnstart1\viewkind1\viewscale100\fet0{\*\docvar
{ColorSet}{-1}}{\*\docvar{ColorPos}{-1}}{\*\docvar{StyleSet}{-1}}{\*\docvar{StylePos
}{-1}}\pard\plain\pard\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\sl240\slmult1{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28
{\header\pard\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\sl240\slmult1\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\fs20\par
}{\footer\pard\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\sl240\slmult1\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\fs20\par
}Visigoths:\par}
\pard\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\sl240\slmult1\fi-360\li360{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn
\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28
Name translates to \u8220\'93western Goths\u8221\'94, but they referred to themselves
as the valiant Goths (considering being associated with the west as bad luck)\par
}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 In the third century CE dwelt at the northeastern
border of the empire, often making raids on Roman villages\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Around 376 are driven south into the empire by
the Huns \par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Romans agree to allow the Visigoths under Fritigern
to stay in imperial lands\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Demands by Roman government provoke the Visigoths
to rebel\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 The Visigoths defeat the Romans at Adrianople
in 378, killing the emperor Valens along with two-thirds of the army\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Emperor Theodosius I ends the war and offers
the Visigoths the status of {\i foederati}, allies who are given land in the empire
in exchange for defending it against invasion\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 In 395 Alaric comes to rule the Visigoths and
demands more land for his people and greater importance in the empire, leading
them south and plundering Greece\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Alaric attacks the city of Rome in 401, but is
eventually turned back in 403\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 The assassinations and executions of various
members of the Roman elite (including Stilcho, the commander of the defenses of
Rome) led to many soldiers joining to Alaric against Rome\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Visigoths take siege of Rome in 408 and manage
to take a ransom of 5,000 pounds of gold, 30,000 pounds of silver, 4,000 silk tunics
, 3,000 scarlet hides, and 3,000 pounds of pepper in exchange for ending the siege
\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 After a second siege in 409, Alaric sets up a
emperor to oppose Honorius, who came to power after Theodosius I\u8217\'92s death
\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 This emperor, Priscus Attalus, lost northern
Africa, the source of much of Rome\u8217\'92s grain, to Honorius and Theodosius
II\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Once negotiations with Honorius fall through,
Alaric leads an attack on Rome, taking it in 410\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Alaric makes an attempt at taking back Africa
, but his fleet\u8217\'92s destruction and his subsequent death put an end to the
campaign\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 After Alaric\u8217\'92s death, the Visigoths
left Italy for the Pyrenees and settled in Aquitaine Gaul, which they were made
{\i foederati} over\par}
\pard\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\sl240\slmult1{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28\par}
\pard\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\sl240\slmult1{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Huns:\par
}
\pard\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\sl240\slmult1\fi-360\li360{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn
\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28
In the late fourth century, the Huns arrive in eastern Europe from the northern
Black Sea area\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Within a decade, they have defeated or run the
Gothic tribes from their lands in central Europe\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Upon the death of the Hunnish leader Rugila in
434, his nephews Bleda and Atilla take control of the lands conquered by the Huns
\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 The brothers negotiate a tribute of 300 kg of
gold per year, the return of Hunnish fugitives, and a price of 96 denarii for
each captive the Huns had taken\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 The Huns shift their focus to Persia during the
430s after the treaty, giving the Roman emperor Theodosius II the opportunity to
prepare for an attack from invading forces\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 In 440 the Huns under the brothers cross the
Danube into the eastern empire and begin attacking forts on the rivers\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 That same year, the Vandals attacked and took
control of Rome\u8217\'92s African territories. As a result, Rome sent all available
forces to take back the southern provinces, leaving the western border virtually
undefended for the Huns to push into the Balkans\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Atilla and Bleda pushed much of the way down
the Danube before stopping in 442\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Once Theodosius recalled the Roman armies, he
refused the terms of the Huns, who responded by taking cities on their way to Byzantium
, aided by the use of siege weaponry\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 The Huns met the Roman armies at Gallipolis and
Constantinople, defeating them both times\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Without an army, Theodosius was forced to surrender
to the Huns in 443, who greatly increased the cost of the terms of the former treaty
, which included tripling the tribute that the empire was to pay\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Once their demands were met, the Huns retreated
to their lands north of the Danube for a few years\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Around 445, Bleda dies, according to some sources
at his brother Atilla\u8217\'92s hand, leaving the Hunnish empire under Atilla\u8217
\'92s rule\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 In 450 Atilla leads the Huns into the western
empire on the pretext of a message from the sister of the western emperor Honorius
, which he takes as an offer of marriage, and demands half of the empire as her
dowry\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Upon entering Gaul, Atilla\u8217\'92s forces
are defeated by an army of Roman, Visigothic, and Burgundian soldiers\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 Withdrawing from Gaul, the Huns invade northern
Italy in early 452, retreating only when famine and disease threaten\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 In 453, Atilla the Hun, feared by Europe, dies
in his bed\par}
\nooverflow{\pntext\f1\'9f\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnql\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnf1{\pntxtb
\'9f}}{\f0\lang1033\fs24\kerning28 After Atilla\u8217\'92s death, the infighting
among his sons breaks the Hunnish empire apart, disappearing by the end of the
fifth century}}