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OSCILLOSCOPE The dream of many gets passionate to you of electronics is that one to succeed a day to equip just the laboratory of an oscilloscope and even than an analyzer than phantom, even if little can be allowed to make it, given their proibitivo cost. With the software Visual Analyser that we introduce to you, equipped with an opportune circuit of interface USB, you will be in a position to transforming yours personal computer in an oscilloscope to two channels and an analyzer of phantom in a position to working in one range of frequency comprised between 10 Hz and 20 KHz. Like if it were not enough, beyond to the oscilloscope and the analyzer of phantom, you will have to disposition a frequency-meter of precision, a voltmetro and a generator BF. If you asked to a fan of electronics which of the electronics is given some from the fact that, beyond to with-is the measure instrument that more than every other VOR-TO feel to carry out precise measures much of the feno-rebbe ones to have to disposition in just the laboratory, meni electrical workers, reveals practically irreplaceable it would answer you in all probability: "I oscillate-why it literally allow" to see "those-scopio". that it happens to the inside of a circuit. The someone most ambitious one, then, could also risk desire to enter in possession of a-E a this prerogative often turns out determining, nalizzatore of phantom. if the operation of an electronic circuit is wanted to be comprised fully. The great interest that these instruments provoke in the multitude of persons who have Passio-Come all know, with the oscilloscope are possible the 76 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . to visualize on the screen it marks them electrical workers of which-a analyzer of phantom, beyond turning out Indians-siasi you form and of short duration and to estimate some with spensabili in professional field, they can es-precision the course, the amplitude and passed the evenings of great aid also for who move first in the time pass in the electronics, because it gives the possibility to satisfy many curiosities and to comprise me-The phantom analyzer allows instead of glio many phenomena, helping to evolvere fast-to decompose mark them periodic in its diver-mind in the own acquaintance. if members second transformed of Fourier, characterizing the fundamental frequency and goes to them a little time were estimating the harmonic possi-rivers that compose it bilità to realize a plan that concurred, to a reasonable cost, to many it gets passionate you of With these two instruments is possible to inquire in electronics translate in truth their dream, and depth in the operation of whichever dispositi-l' occasion us has been offered recently from the vo electronic, executing one series indeed ster-"rete". mined of most interesting measures. Being annoying in Internet, in fact, there are imbattuti in the problem is born from the fact that is still little software "Visual Analyser", realized from the Ing Al-those people who can allow the lusso of acquire-fredo Accattatis, of the Department of Engineering king instruments of this type, approval the hobbistico use and Electronic - Group Measures of irregular the Tor University to which they are assigns to you, and who does not have the fortu-Vergata one of Rome (www.simplify.it) na to succeed to buy up itself some in markets-not of the used one or in some auction on linens, This software, put from its author is looked at to arranged-nella greater part of the cases forced to renounce zione free of charge of anyone desires to unload-the gives Internet us it has seemed a lot interesting, To PC And is a true sin, because an oscilloscope or because allows to transform yours personal and nalizzatore of phantom for Fig.1 With the software Visual Analyser you will have to disposition on yours personal computer two instruments with which you will be able to execute interesting measures that is and an oscilloscope and an analyzer of phantom to operating the audio inside del-la band. With the same software you will be able moreover to have use of of a voltmetro, of a fre-quenzimetro and a precise generator BF. the 77 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . Fig.2 Installing on yours personal computer the software "Visual Analyser" and connecting its taken to USB the card interface LX.1690, you will be able to directly visualize on the video of the PC the course of whichever marks them electrical worker, like if it were be a matter of the screen of an oscilloscope. You will have moreover to disposition a second screen, on which the phantom will appear of marks them. Fig.3 Before executing the measures, you will have to proceed to the calibration of the card of interface through marks them sinusoidale of famous amplitude. In order to carry out this operation you will have to connect to the income of the channel To of card LX.1690 the escape of card LX.1691, on which it is present it marks them sinusoidale of equal frequency to approximately 1.200 Hz and of constant and equal amplitude to 1 Volt picco/picco. the 78 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . Fig.4 the program Visual Analyser contains two generators BF in a position to distributing various shapes of wave and two types of electronic noise (white man and rose). In order to visualize on the screen of the oscilloscope it marks captured them from the generator of GOES you will be able to connect the escape 1 of card LX.1690 to the BNC of income correspondent to the channel To. Not forgotten to set up the suppressor of income in position x1. Fig.5 With the software Visual Analyser and the card interface LX.1690 you will be able to be amused to complete numerous interesting measures in the field of the vlf. As an example, connecting the escape 1 of the card interface to the income of card LX.1691B and the escape of this last one to the income To of card LX.1690, you will be able to measure the answer in frequency of a filter passes to band, verifying the frequencies of cut and its passing band. the 79 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . computer nientemeno that in an oscilloscope oscillating, acoustic cases and more in a generalized manner on tut-double trace and in an analyzer of phantom. you the devices you that they work in vlf. The "trick", if therefore it can be said, consists in the utiliz-E since could sussistere the fear of danneg-zare the audio card that is already present to the Inter-giare the computer connecting its audio income not of the PC, or an eventual audio card to-to an electronic circuit, we have realized one dizionale. card of interface equipped of the converter U-Since the audio card it is born already in order to carry out SB PCM 2902, in a position to carrying out same the fun-conversion in digital format them of marks them ana-zioni of the audio card mail to the inside of the PC. logical coming from from an external audio source, In this way the true circuit of measure and just as an example a microphone connected to the income comes realized to the outside, svincolandosi Comple-Line in of the card, here that, elaborating op-tamente from personal the computer, that comes uses-portunamente through an appropriate software if-to in order to only elaborate the data transmitted from in-gnale therefore digitized, it is possible to visualize it terfaccia through the connection on door USB. on the screen of the PC like if it were be a matter of a true oscilloscope. With this sagacity, even if to the income of the interface card it came applied for er-With the software is possible also to recreate virtual-rore a too much high level of tension, river-mind on the screen all the present commandos on the schierebbe ones not to damage in some way the lose-panel of this instrument, being reproduced fedel-nal computer mind its various functions, as the base of On the same card then is previewed two com-times, trigger, the etc mutatori to three positions, x1-x10-x100, one for and inasmuch as of-every channel of income of the oscilloscope marks them is already available in shape, than gita them, if it can some make anytime sal-have the same function of the suppressors vataggio in rows of hard disk, so as to the river-tension of income siglati Volt/div, places on the o-produrlo subsequently just piacimento. scilloscopio. The card previews moreover a circuit of income For means of an equally sophisticated software the adapter of stiffness, equipped of a amplify-beacon in income can also be decomposed king to unitary gain and of a filter it passes bas-nelle its various members, second between-I know it, that it concurs to measure tensions comprised between shapeless of Fourier, (more just through the some ten of milliVolt and a hundred of Volt. FFT , that is the F ast F ourier T ransform), passing from the dominion of the time to the dominion of the frequencies, and On the escapes of the interface card pre-is realizing therefore a precise analyzer of phantom. you feel two filters low-pass filter, it connects to you in cascade, and the firm thing that they have the task to clean up does not mark them of escape of generator BF here and a squadratore circuit in When we use the computer for the reproduction degree to generate a perfect one marks them to musical wave of a cd audio or of filmato on quadrant. dvd , the audio card executes a conversion D/A, transforming marks them digita them memorizza-Il-The circuit of feeding, gained on the card, to on the cd in it marks them analogic that comes then moreover allows to elevate the amplitude of marks rendered them available on the escape Linens out of the sinusoidale card or triangular in escape from the generate-audio, for being sended to an amplifier and to king BF to a value comprised between 0 and 14 Volt pic-un arranges of sonorous reproduction co/picco and to generate it marks them to wave quadrant comprised between 0 and +5 Volt, levels of tension the same procedure can more be used in order than sufficient in order to execute an immense field to generate via software it marks them electrical worker of for-measures. but and wished frequency, concurring to realize also a generator BF of One of the main advantages of the software in this way you will be able AP-GOOD quality prezzarlo same, and you consist in its extreme to just complete this true and "laboratory semplicità. of measure on PC ", a volt-Also not sacrificing null to the functionality, in fact, meter and a frequenzimetro are available moreover digita them. its author is successful to realize on Co-Tutto instruments this to the inside of the band audio, in am-yes the complex ones as the oscilloscope and in particular bito of values of frequency Hz and 20 comprised between 10 on the analyzer of phantom a KHz presentation, than more sufficient in order to carry out all so the measures graphical winning to turn out of easy possible and imaginable on amplifiers hi-fi, filters, understanding and of immediate use also for strain-80 All the rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . DIRECTORY COMPONENT LX.1690 R1 = 909,000 ohm 1% C7 = 680 pF ceramic R2 = 90,900 ohm 1% C8 = 330 pF ceramic R3 = 10,100 ohm 1% C9 = 100,000 pF pol. 400 V. R4 = 10,000 ohm C10 = 12 pF ceramic R5 = 10,000 ohm C11 = 1,000 pF ceramic R6 = 10,000 ohm C12 = 10 pF ceramic R7 = 909,000 ohm 1% C13 = 100,000 pF polyester R8 = 90,900 ohm 1% C14 = 100,000 pF polyester R9 = 10,100 ohm 1% C15 = 680 pF ceramic R10 = 10,000 ohm C16 = 330 pF ceramic R11 = 10,000 ohm C17 = 1,500 pF polyester R12 = 10,000 ohm C18 = 1,500 pF polyester R13 = 470 ohm C19 = 100,000 pF polyester R14 = 3,900 ohm C20 = 1,500 pF polyester R15 = 3,900 ohm C21 = 1,500 pF polyester R16 = 15,000 ohm C22 = 100,000 pF polyester R17 = 2,200 ohm C23 = 100,000 pF polyester R18 = 3,900 ohm C24 = 100,000 pF polyester R19 = 3,900 ohm C25 = 10 microF. electrolytic R20 = 22,000 ohm C26 = 10 microF. electrolytic R21 = 18,000 ohm C27 = 1,500 pF polyester R22 = 2,200 ohm C28 = 1,500 pF polyester R23 = 100,000 ohm C29 = 100,000 pF polyester R24 = 100,000 ohm C30 = 1,500 pF polyester R25 = 10,000 ohm C31 = 1,500 pF polyester R26 = 47,000 ohm C32 = 100,000 pF polyester R27 = 680 ohm C33 = 100,000 pF polyester R28 = 680 ohm C34 = 100,000 pF polyester R29 = 8,200 ohm C35 = 100,000 pF R30 polyester = 1,000 ohm trimmer C36 = 10 microF. electrolytic R31 = 3,900 ohm C37 = 4,700 pF polyester R32 = 3,900 ohm C38 = 100,000 pF polyester R33 = 15,000 ohm C39 = 100 microF. electrolytic R34 = 2,200 ohm C40 = 10 microF. electrolytic R35 = 3,900 ohm C41 = 10 microF. electrolytic R36 = 3,900 ohm C42 = 10 microF. electrolytic R37 = 22,000 ohm C43 = 10 microF. electrolytic R38 = 18,000 ohm DS1-DS6 = diode valves type 1N.4150 R39 = 2,200 1/2 ohm DZ1-DZ4 = zener 3,3 V Watt R40 = 10,000 ohm DL1 = diode valve led R41 = 100,000 ohm TR1 = NPN type ZTX.653 R42 = 100,000 ohm TR2 = NPN type ZTX.653 R43 = 47,000 ohm IC1 = integrated type TL.082 R44 = 680 ohm IC2 = integrated type TL.082 R45 = 680 ohm IC3 = integrated type TL.082 R46 = 1 ohm IC4 = integrated type TL.082 R47 = 3,300 ohm IC5 = TTL type 74HC132 R48 = 1,000 ohm IC6 = integrated type NE.5532 R49 = 1,000 ohm IC7 = integrated type MC.78L12 R50 = 100 ohm IC8 = integrated type MC.79L12 C1 = 100,000 pF pol. 400 V. KM1667 = circuit SMD C2 = 12 pF ceramic T1 = trasform. mod. type TM1690 C3 = 1,000 pF ceramic S1 = shunter 3 pos. C4 = 10 pF ceramic S2 = shunter 3 pos. C5 = 100,000 pF polyester CONN.1 = connector USB C6 = 100,000 pF 10 polyester CONN.2 = strip pin Directory of the members uses in the realization of the card interface you LX.1690. the 81 All rights is of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . USB 4 1 2 3 CO N N. 1 12 V. C5 WITH N. 2 6/7 4 3 2 1 IC1-A C7 6 S 1 C1 1 2 7 8 R5 R6 1 5 R 16 R 17 R 1 C2 R 4 3 R 18 2 C 264321 IC1-B C2 0 4 C6 "To" 1 2 1 6 R 2 D Z 1 5 9 3 C 8 C4 C 17 D Z 2 R 3 1 0 C3 8 1 2 V. 1 1 9 C 18 2 7 1 4 12 V. IC2 1 = x 1 C 25 C 13 2 = x 1 0 3 = x 1 00 ENTRANCES C 19 1 7 1 8 2 2 IC2-A C1 5 2 S 2 C9 C 16 6 1 1 8 1 3 1 5 R1 1 R12 7 3 8 10 R 7 C 10 19 2 0 21 2 3 R1 0 5 2 4 C IC2-B C1 4 R1 5 "B" R 8 D Z 3 3 X 16 TAL1 C C 12 C 21 C 24 D Z 4 R 9 C 22 C 23 C 11 1 2 V. KM1667 and M B U M And U C And MC 79L12 MC 78L12 ZTX 653 V 13 12 1 1 10 9 8 + V 5 7 6 CC AK DIODE VALVE LED To K 1234 5 6 123-V G ND 74 HC 132 TL 082 - OF the 5532 82 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . VE RS Or 5 V. 3 R1 10 R 23 1 3 R2 7 11 8 1 2 9 DL 1 "3" 2 IC5-A IC5-B 1 V. 3 C2 19 24 R C R2 6 IC3-B "LEFT" 2 R2 20 R 0 C2 R1 6 2 IC6-A IC3-A 14 R 8 R1 5 2 R2 5 5 1 8 R1 19 R 4 R 28 3 7 1 2 C 18 6 3 1 4 V. C 22 "1" 7 C1 21 4 C2 C R2 1 7 R1 9 R2 C 25 1 2 V. 12 V. ESCAPES 1 2 V. 12 V. C 29 R3 0 C3 4 C 26 5 IC4-B C3 0 R 37 8 R3 3 R 44 6 7 IC4-A R 31 R3 2 8 3 6 7 "2" IC6-B R3 5 R 36 5 1 R4 0 4 C 28 2 C 32 R3 9 C2 7 C 31 R3 8 R4 3 5 V. R3 4 C3 5 "2 RIGHT" 1 V. C3 3 1 4 R 41 1 4 R4 5 3 6 R 46 2 5 "4" 7 IC5-C IC5-D C3 8 C3 9 R 42 R4 7 TR1 C R4 8 B 2 9 C3 7 And 4 TR2 D S3 DS 5 IC7 And And U R4 9 R5 0 11 B 1 2 V. 6 M C D S1 C 40 C4 2 D S4 D S6 C3 6 7 D S2 M To 13 SSA 1 T1 C4 1 C4 3 M IC8 1 2 V. And U Fig.6 Outline electrical worker of interface LX.1690. In the side page is reproduced, over, the logons of the integrated MC79L12 and MC78L12 and of transistor ZTX653 and, under, those of integrated seen 74HC132 and TL082 give over and with the heel of reference turned towards left. As you can notice finishes them longer of the diode valve led is the Anode. the 83 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . ro that these instruments have not never had the occasion of Utiliz-Per to use yours personal computer with zare software "Visual Analyser" you will have at first pre-E this is a pregio indeed do not give little for arranging all the connections like indicated in fig.2. plan that one addresses to the utilizzatori profes-Ai two connectors BNC will not go mostly connects you the two ca-sionisti but to the hobbista, than vuo-summits for the measurement, relati to you to the two channels To and leaving from these instruments in order to explore Mon-B, that you will use in order to capture marks them that Hindu fascinating of the electronics you stretch to measure. Connector USB of present B type female sul-La CARD of interface USB the card will go instead connected to the taken USB female of type To present on personal the computer As we have pointed out to you, the kit that it concurs to you through a common printing cable USB for. to transform personal the computer in a measure instrument one is made up of a package In order to execute the measures you will be able to then capture on the called software "Visual Analyser" and of one four ears-ring of escape of the card of interface Inter-card, that it will go connected to the face various types of marks them BF just and: door USB of your computer. Before penetrating to us in the more interesting part, and - it that is marks them to wave quadrant of fixed amplitude in the description of the software of use of the or-comprised one between 0 and +5 Volt, (ears-ring 3 and 4); scillloscopio , of the voltmetro, of generator BF, the frequenzimetro and the analyzer of phantom, - it marks them sinusoidale or triangular like of the measures that with these instruments you will be able and-taken between 0 and 14 Volt peak to peak (ears-ring 1 and to follow, we will have to spend some words for spies-2). Acting on generator BF the operation of the interface card is possible then wake-contests to gliere ulterior shapes of wave, as an example two of-and as its assembly is carried out. backs types of noise, one sweep, etc. The interface card is made up of the Famous circuit: it marks them to wave quadrant present on boc-printed publication LX.1690 (you see fig.11) that it comes supplied in cole 3 and 4 Volt has 5 a fixed amplitude of, men-kit of assembly, on which it is grafted in its turn three marks them present on ears-ring 1 and 2 can es-la small card KM1667 (see fig.11) on the here-evenings regulated in amplitude between 0 and 14 Volt peak to them is present converter USB PCM 2902, than peak. Both it marks have them the same one fre-comes instead supplied already mounted in SMD. quenza , that the assembly of the circuit stam-of present can be regulated through coman-Una the time finished on oscillator BF of the Visual Analyser. pato LX.1690 , with the aid of the instructions brought back in the relative paragraph, you will see that the card of in-SCHEMA ELECTRICAL WORKER of circuit LX.1690 terfaccia has two connectors BNC, relati to you to the two B and channels of income of it marks them and of quat-Il heart of the circuit (you see fig.6) is constituted from in-tro ears-ring BF on which is present marks them of tegrato IC2, siglato converter exited USB PCM2902, and just two siglate ears-ring 1 and 2, that she has the function to carry out conversion A/D on which is present in both marks them sinu-(analogico/digita them) and conversion D/A (digita-soidale or triangular product from the generatedone) of all marks exchanges them to you between the sche-king of the siglate Visual Analyser and two ears-ring 3 from interface LX.1690 and door USB of like 4, on which it is present marks them to puter. wave quadrant generated directly on the card. The talk between the PCM2902 and door USB happens On the card is moreover present two commuta-through piedini the 1-2-3-4 of IC2, on which they are pre-Tauruses to three positions, that they concur to carry out you feel respective marks them D -, D+, VBus and Gnd. attenuation of the tension applied on everyone of the two BNC in income with a relationship rivers-The diode valve led DL1 it spettivamente marks it with its ignition of 1-10-100 times. presence of the tension of +5 Volt (VBus) tests-The partitore of attenuation of the tension in in-nothing from door USB, that it comes used is from-gresso is compensated so as to to be able u-gli to be integrated IC5A and IC5B, than from the small alimen-tilizzato with a common tatore coaxial cable or switching that concurs to gain i +/- 12 with one probe for oscilloscope predisposed on the Volt demands from the operational amplifiers. position x1 . In the case the probe comes used in position x10 marks them to measure comes applied to the two with-is necessary to keep in mind that the partitore does not turn out nettori BNC of the card of interface siglati To and B. plywood. Since the two channels are perfectly identical, for the 84 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . Fig.7 Photo of the piece of furniture of the card interface LX.1690. On the left the two BNC are noticed king-sides you to the two incomes To and B that will go connects you to marks them to measure. On every channel a suppressor of income to three positions is present x1-x10-x100 that it concurs to measure tensions comprised between some ten of milliVolt and approximately 170 Volt. On the skillful side of the piece of furniture instead visible the 4 they are taken of escape, two relative ones to mark them to wave quadrant and two relative ones to the various shapes of wave produced from generator BF of the Visual Analyser. to simplify the exposure of it we will describe alone E' important to that is emphasize that the compensation is one and the channel To. calculated for the employment of a common coaxial cable or for one probe from oscilloscope used in the position x1. After to have crossed the condenser from 0,1 me-E' instead advicing against the use of the same probe crofarad siglato C1, that he has the function of eliminates-nella position x10, because in this case leaving whichever continuous member, marks them from tore in income would not turn out compensated. to measure comes applied to the partitore formed from the resistances of precision to 1% R1-R2-R3, Collega-Nota: C1 condenser has the function of bloc-you to the S1 commutator to 3 positions x1-x10-x100, beloveds every continuous member of marks them. For that it has the function of income suppressor. this reason is not possible to measure with Being selected opportunely the three various por-card of tate interface LX.1690 some tension is possible to measure tensions comprised between continuous. some ten of milliVolt and approximately 170 Volt pic-La minimal frequency that is possible to measure co/picco. part in fact from a value of 10 Hz. Just: They of the S1 commutator centers is connected to in -- in the capacity x1 it is possible to measure marks them with gresso not inverting of the operational IC1/A, to amplitude until 1,7 Volt picco/picco; gain unitarian , that he carries out the function of adapter of the stiffness in income. - in the capacity x10 Volt/picco/picco is possible to measure marks them with amplitude until 17; On the same income of the operational one they are connects you the two diode valves Zener DZ1 and DZ2, that they have the com -- in the capacity x100 Volt is possible to measure marks them pito to cut marks them to one amplitude mass-with 170 amplitude until picco/picco. but of +/- 4 Volt. In this way even if on the income of sche-Ai the heads of resistances R1-R3 they are applies you with-from came applied for ec-densatori error a tension ceramic C2-C3, that they have the cessiva function, is avoided of procurare damages to the circuit. to compensate in frequency the suppressor of in-The escape of the operational IC1/A it is connected to if-gresso. the 85 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . condo operational IC1/B, anch' it to gain king the eventual present continuous member in the unitarian, than with to the condensers C7 and C8 and al-beacon in escape. the resistances R6 and R5, KHz constitutes a filter passes From piedino the 1 of IC3/B escape marks them comes low with frequency of equal cut to approximately 40. moreover captured and sended through the resistance This filter it has the task to eliminate those marks-R22 and the C23 condenser, to piedino the 12 of in-them with next frequency to the frequency of cam-tegrato siglato 74HC132 IC5/A, a door NAND pionamento of the converter, eliminating those fe-with trigger, than with with identical undesired door famous IC5/B nomeni of beat with the name it concurs to square the wave in Indians perfectly "aliasing". gresso, obtaining on escape 3 an exited wave qua-Dall' of the integrated IC1/B it marks them comes in-dra of fixed amplitude, comprised between 0 and +5 viato Volt, through the C20 condenser, to piedino the 12 of (the same speech is worth for escape 4 that turns out converter USB IC2, that provvederà to convert-symmetrical). in digital shape them and to transmit it to door USB of the computer. The feeding of the integrated IC5/A, IC5/B, IC5/C, As we have said the card to you of interface IC5/D comes realized using i directly +5 it carries out two various types of conversion, and Precisa-Volt (VBus) supplied from door USB of the computer mind the conversion analogico/digita them of the I +5 Volt of the VBus come moreover send to you through mark it them that it will have to be measured from I oscillate-R46 to centers them of transformer T1, whose you wrap-scopio and from the phantom analyzer, or from the minds are connect to you to the two transitor ZTX653, siglati voltmetro and from the frequenzimetro, and conversio-TR1 and the TR2, than, with to the primary windings of the of digitale/analogico one of the two marks produced them from the transformer, forms an oscillator to 70-80 KHz. double generating BF of the Visual Analyser. On everyone of the two secondary ones of the transformer a tension of 18 is obtained Volt RMS, that Rad-Anche comes in order to elaborate the two marks them in drizzata escape produced from the rectifier formed from diode valves DS3-DS4- from two generators BF comes uses two DS5-DS6 you, and subsequently levelled from the two with-identical circuits, of which we will describe for elettrolitici sempli-densatori from 10 microfarads, C40 and C41. cità only that relative one to the channel "Left". The tension in escape from the condensers comes sended to 78L12 (a IC7) and 79L12 (a IC8) otte-Il marks them analogic generated from the converter is nendo therefore in escape i +12 Volt and i -12 of-present Volt on piedino the 16 of the integrated IC2, that he is cessari for feeding all the operational ones elevan-connected to the income inverting of work-I do not give therefore marks them on escapes 1 and 2 to a level of siglato zionale IC3/A TL082. 14 Volt peak to peak approximately. This operational one, with to the net of conden-SCHEMA ELECTRICAL WORKER of satori circuits C17-C18 and resistances R14-R15, constitutes LX.1691 and LX.1691B anch' it a filter low-pass filter, with frequency of 30 equal cut to KHz and slope of 12 dB for Beyond to the circuit base LX.1690 we have previewed for eighth. this plan the realization of two other small As you can notice, the circuit previews other accessories that they turn out very useful for who wishes identical filter constituted from the integrated IC3/B, executing measures with the program Visual Analyser. resistances R18-R19 and from condensers C20-C21. The adoption of the two filters in cascade determines a first circuit, the LX.1691 (sees fig.8), consists in a precision caliper, that it turns out indispen-slope total of 24 dB for eighth, and concurs sabile in order to calibrate the income amplification is to clean up accurately marks them in escape gives of the oscilloscope that of voltmetro electronic the spurie tensions, obtaining on the escape 1 one in order to-del Visual Analyser, in case you do not have a slice you form of wave (the same speech is worth for escape 2). generator BF and of a multimeter of precision. From the piedino of escape of the integrated IC3/B it marks-The according to circuit, the LX.1691B (you see fig.9), is a filter comes them sended to the income inverting of amplifi-passes band of active type, with which you will be able diver-catore operational NE.5532, siglato IC6/A, that it has tirvi to execute some interesting measures on ban-un the gain of approximately 5 times, concurring of ot-from passing and on the frequency of cut of filters BF. to hold marks them of escape of Regolabi-Partiamo amplitude from the description of the LX.1691. until approximately 14 Volt peak to peak. The piedino inverting of IC6/A it is not connected to the This circuit is constituted from an oscillator in trimmer R30 from 1 KOhm, that it allows of eliminate-degree to generate in escape a sinusoidale wave the 86 All rights are of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . S1 C1 C 3 9 V. C 7 R 4 R8 C 2 C 4 R2 6 8 R 3 2 R 14 7 R5 1 6 5 8 IC1-A D Z2 D L1 4 3 7 R 9 5 IC1-B C R1 3 B TR1 IC2-A R1 and 2 R1 C5 R1 0 6 3 IC2-B C R1 1 1 D S3 D S1 R 6 2 4 DZ1 ESCAPE M D S2 D S4 R7 Fig.8 Here over, outline electrical worker of the caliper of precision LX.1691 necessary in order to calibrate the amplification of income of the oscilloscope and the voltmetro electronic of the Visual Analyser. Under, logons of the integrated NE.5532, del-lo zener REF25Z, of transistor BC.547 and the diode valve led beyond to the directory of the members uses you for the realization of this plan. + B +V 5 7 6 and C M AK N.C. DIODE VALVE LED To K REF 25Z - LM 336 COMPONENT BC 547 123-V OF 5532 DIRECTORY LX.1691 10,000 R1 = ohm 10,000 R2 = ohm 15,000 C2 = pF polyester 10,000 R3 = ohm 100,00 C3 = pF polyester 470,000 R4 = ohm 15,000 C4 = pF polyester 10,000 R5 = ohm 100 C5 = microF. electrolytic 22,000 R6 = ohm 1% 10 C6 = microF. electrolytic 6,810 R7 = ohm 1% 100 C7 = microF. electrolytic 10,000 R8 = ohm DS1-DS4 = diode valves type 1N.4150 1,000 R9 = ohm DZ1 = zener type REF25Z 1,000 R10 = 6,8 ohm DZ2 = zener 1/2 Volt Watt 470 R11 = ohm DL1 = diode valve led R12 = 1,000 ohm TR1 = NPN type BC.547 R13 = 330 ohm IC1 = integrated type NE.5532 R14 = 1,000 ohm IC2 = integrated type NE.5532 C1 = 100,000 pF interrupting S1 polyester = the 87 All rights is of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . S 1 C 4 C2 R2 R7 9 V. D L 1 R6 8 2 1 3 IC1-A C7 R 8 R 3 R5 C5 C3 R4 C1 IC1-B R 1 6 C6 7 5 ENTRANCE 4 Fig.9 ESCAPE Outline electrical worker of the filter passes band of active type LX.1691B that will serve to you in order to execute some interesting measures on the passing band and on the frequency of cut deli filters BF. Under, logons of the integrated TL.082 and the diode valve led, whose they finishes longer, as you can see, is the Anode, and directory of the members uses you for the realization of this plan. +V 5 7 6 AK DIODE VALVE LED To 082 K 123-V COMPONENT TL DIRECTORY LX.1691B C1 = 1 microF. polyester C2 = 10,000 pF polyester R1 = 33,000 ohm C3 = 10,000 pF polyester R2 = 820 ohm C4 = 100,000 pF polyester R3 = 5,600 ohm C5 = 10,000 pF polyester R4 = 33,000 ohm C6 = 10 microF. electrolytic R5 = 5,600 ohm C7 = 10 microF. electrolytic R6 = 5,600 ohm DL1 = diode valve led R7 = 1,000 ohm IC1 = integrated type TL.082 R8 = 1,000 ohm interrupting S1 = the 88 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . having a constant amplitude of 1 Volt As you can notice examinee the outline elet-picco/picco and a frequency of approximately 1.200 Hz, trico of fig.9, the filter uses an only one integrated TL082 with which you will be able to calibrate with precision go-that band consists in two identical operational circuits that lore of tension read from the voltmetro and on the screen comes shapes to you in such way to realize of the oscilloscope a filter passes band, with unitary gain in center. As you can notice observing the outline elettri-Le formulas that concur to calculate the reproduced fre-Co in fig.8, this circuit does not demand quenza of center band and the bandwidth of the availability of an external local p0wer source why filter is following: Volt uses a common battery from 9, and that the ren-place that R6 = R5 = R3 = easy usable R and de from any hobbista. that C2 = C3 = C5 = C the circuit represented in fig.8 is constituted from in order gaining the value of the frequency f in Hz of generating cen-classic breast-cosine formed from the three tro band you will have to use the formula: amplifiers operational siglati NE.5532 IC1/A, IC1/B and IC2/A, than, with to the bridge formed from 4 f = 159.000: (R x C) diode valves 1N4150 (you see DS1-DS2-DS3-DS4), concur to gain a perfect sinusoidale wave del-where: the frequency of approximately 1.200 Hz. f it is expressed in Hz R is expressed in kiloOhm the amplitude of the sinusoide is fixed rigorosamen-C in nanoFarad you to a value of: replacing the values of the outline we obtain: 2,5 Volt + 0,7 Volt = 3,2 Volt picco/picco f = 159.000: ( 5,6 x 10) = 2,843 Hz for means of VRef DZ1, siglato 25Z, or LM.336 inserted on the diode valve bridge. The formula that concurs instead gaining the passing band or bandwidth Bp of the filter the 3,2 tension of obtained Volt p/p therefore comes then is following: reduced to the precise value of 1 Volt picco/picco through the integrated IC2/B, shaped like amplifi-Bp = 159.000: (R1 x C) catore with inferior gain to the unit where: The circuit is studied so that the value of the ten-Bp is expressed in Hz sione of escape rigorously remains constant R is expressed in kiloOhm also to varying of the tension of the battery, than C in nanoFarad can come down from the 9 Volt nominal until 6 Volt without that there are repercussions on the tension of Replacing the values of the outline we obtain: escape. Under this value the battery must be Bp = 159.000: (33 x 10) = 482 replaced Hz. Like circuit LX.1691, also this Ri-Per circuit to signal the correct conditions of works-sulta fed with a simple battery from 9 mento of the battery has adopted the simple Volt, concurring of svincolarsi from the employment of a circuit constituted from diode valve led DL1 and the transistor external local p0wer source. Siglato BC547 TR1. End when the tension distributed from the battery PRACTICAL REALIZATION of is maintained in the interval comprised between + 9 and + 6 Volt, CARD INTERFACE LX.1690 condition for a corrected operation of Cali-Questo plan are made up of two cards base, bratore, ogniqualvolta it will come activated the switch of that siglata visible LX.1690 in fig.11 and the S1 peak-ignition the diode valve led will turn out ignited. endowed siglata card KM1667 of members in Not hardly the battery will come down under the containing level of SMD converter USB PCM2902, loads concurred, to the activation of the S1 switch who we supply mounted (you see to you up already fig.11). diode valve led DL1 will remain extinguished, indicating that If you have acquired the our previous review circuit cannot more guarantee a precise level del-N.231, will notice immediately that we have uti-la tension in lizzato escape same circuitino in SMD also in the culprit-The the outline electrical worker of circuit LX.1691B turns out lizzazione of the plan of the Audio Converter still simpler. Siglato USB LX.1666. 89 All the rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . TAKEN to BATTERY DL 1 C5 C2 KA ENTERED S1 C 7 R6 R5 EXITED R3 IC1 R 8 R2 C1 C4 R7 R4 C3 C6 R1 Fig.10 practical Outline of assembly of the circuit of the filter passes band of active type LX.1691B. Up, can notice the presence of a taken battery to which simple battery from 9 goes connected one Volt. Dealing itself in this case of a premon-printed publication circuit having cure to graft finishes pruned they, our description of the pra-sitivo, recognizable realization for the greater length, in the tica will regard the single card base LX.1690. hole of the print contraddistinto from sign +. In order to begin we advise to you to capture from blister Montate then in the positions to they assigned dal-hooves of the 6 integrated IC1-IC2-IC3-IC4-IC5-IC6 and the serigrafia all the condensers polyester from cor-inserirli in the print in the positions to they the reel to shape of parallelepipedo and all the condense-marked ones from the serigrafia (you see fig.11) making many rivers ceramic. attention, while executed the welding of theirs piedini, not to provoke to involontari short circuits. Knit therefore on the print the 6 diode valves to the siglati silicon DS1 DS2-DS3-DS4-DS5-DS6 1N.4150, Orientan-Saldate then on the print the two shunters to 3 pods the side of their body contraddistinto from fa-sizioni S1 and S2 and the body of transformer T1 and wake of black color as indicated in the design river-you proceed to the assembly of the 6 resistances of pre-producing in fig.11 and 4 diode valves zener DZ1-DZ2-DZ3- cisione to 1% R1-R2-R3-R7-R8-R9 easy rivers-DZ4 always orienting theirs you wrap black like conoscibili for the various color of their body (mar-indicated in our graphical rappresentazione rone or blue) and for the presence of 5 colorful bands rather than 4. Joints to this point, to the conclusion of your assembly then lack still only least O-Proseguite with the assembly all the rendered-perazioni. stenze that you will have to knit in the positions to assigned they following the serigrafia, only Do-Saldate therefore up to right (see fig.11) the diode valve po to have carefully identified them based on fa-led the DL1 having cure to respect the polarity of its colorful wakes presents on their body finish them. The body of the diode valve led will not go approached to the circuit, but milimeter will have to be knit to a height Concludes this phase knitting the small trimmer gives of approximately 13, so as to to fuoriuscire from the shell on-1.000 ohm R30, from the periore body of quadrangular shape. Knit then in proximity of transformer T1, two siglati transistors NPN TR1 - TR2 Rivolgen-Prelevate hour from blister the condensers elettroli-done the flat part of the body respective back tici from the body of cylindrical shape and inseriteli in the high and towards the bottom, like indicated in fig.11. the 90 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . TAKEN KM 1667 1 1 28 IC2 14 15 USB C ON N.1 1 0 DS 1 DL1 R 2 0 C 23 R 2 4 2 DZ C 4 C 5 6 ESCAPES C R 13 R 2 3 C 1 C 3 6 DZ1 R 2 1 C 21 R 2 7 R 1 9 DS 2 To R 4 R 18 R 22 22 IC5 C R 47 R 49 R 46 3 K R 48 19 IC1 IC3 C C 2 To R 5 R 2 R 1 C 18 C3 9 R 41 T R 2 T R 1 R 1 6 C 3 8 R 6 4 C 33 S1 R 4 2 1 R 17 R 45 R 15 R 29 T1 C 8 C 7 ENTRANCES R 3 C 3 R 25 R 14 R 30 (m or. T M 16 90) C ON N. 2 C 9 C 25 R 39 R 31 1 C 1 6 C 1 5 R 32 R 28 B R 34 C 26 1 0 C 10 R 26 R 12 R 3 3 R 50 IC2 S2 R 35 C 2 8 2 4 IC6 IC4 C 1 C 4 0 C 3 2 R 8 R 7 R 9 R 1 0 R 1 1 C 2 9 DS 4 DS 6 12 ESCAPES C C 1 1 DS 3 5 DS C 3 1 R 36 R 44 R 40 D Z3 C 43 C 42 4 DZ R 43 R 38 R 3 7 IC8 IC7 Fig.11 practical Outline of assembly of the circuit of the interface LX.1690. In high, you can notice the small circuit in siglato SMD KM.1667 that will go grafted for means of the appropriate connector on the card base. TAKEN to BATTERY R1 0 R 11 C 6 S1 R9 C7 EXITED C 5 R8 D S1 R 3 R2 R7 D S2 R1 R4 R6 DZ2 R1 2 R 13 IC1 IC2 DZ1 D S4 C 2 C1 C4 C 3 R1 4 D L 1 K To D S3 R 5 Fig.12 Here as the printed circult of caliper LX.1691 is introduced once completed the assembly of the members. As you will know, this operation is facilitated from the presence of the serigrafia on its surface. the 91 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . Fig.13 This photo reproduces the small printed circult of the filter passes band of active type LX.1691B to completed assembly. Inserted then in the print the two integrated IC7 and IC8 CALIBRATION of turning some the flat part of ESCAPE CONTINUOUS theRispettiva-TENSIONE body mind to right and on the left and it knits you of it takes care of-Before to proceed to the definitive assembly of cir-tamente the piedini, dopodichè you will be able to graft of-cuito printed publication to the inside of the piece of furniture, advises-the integrated hooves already to you predisposed the 6, from IC1 mo executing the simplest calibration of the ten-IC6, arranging them so that the heel of present reference on their body is oriented like sione of escape, that it has the function to eliminate an eventual indicated present continuous member in the practical design of fig.11. on two escapes 1 and 2 of card LX.1690. You proceed hour with the assembly of theE-Per members to execute the calibration you will have to proceed in the mo-sterni, placing up connector CONN.1 for I give following connection to the taken USB, on the left side two Collegate the taken present USB on the card relative connectors BNC to the two B and you incomes and LX.1690 to the taken USB of the computer. on the skillful side the two taken to BF of relative escape of black color to escapes 1 and 3 and the two taken to BF Lanciate the program Visual Analyser and selezio-of red color, relative to escapes 2 and 4. been born the Wave voice. Controlled that two generators BF are both Hour you will have to capture from blister the connector fem-extinguished. This condition is indicated from the written mine to 10 pin CONN2 and the small circuit stam-On on the activation key and from the fact that pato key KM1667 premounted in 10 SMD and to insert same does not flash. pin male present on this last one in correspondents 10 you pierced of connector CONN2. After it are assesses you to you that from generator BF decoy some does not mark them, connected on escape BF nu-Solo after that you will have made to combaciare perfect-mere a 1 tester or multimeter selezio-mind the circuit with the connector you will be able to insert the NATO for the reading of the tension in continuous, col-its piedini in you respect you holes gains on the circuit tying some the positive cable to you to the pole centers them of print LX.1690. taken BF and the cable negative to the external part del-Il connector will go inserted in the printed circult in the same one taken way that circuit KM.1667 turns out parallel to Cir-Fatto this ruotate trimmer R30 place on the cuito LX.1690, grazing with the skillful side the part interface on-card so as to to obtain on the mul-periore of the two condensers polyester C17 and C27. timetro or on tester one 0 equal tension to Volt with one tolerance of +/- 100 milliVolt. The two circuits LX.1690 and KM.1667 will come to form therefore tutt' a one (see fig.16) and will be able Quin-Avendo therefore tarato the tension on the taken BF knots to be lodge you to the inside of mere the plastic piece of furniture the 1 also taken BF number 2 will turn out ta-destined in the same way to this plan installment. the 92 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . Fig.14 Up, photo of the assembly of interface LX.1690 and, here over, photo of small circuitino KM1667, seen from both sides, than we supply to you already mounted being realized with members in SMD. Fig.15 Photo of the assembly of caliper LX.1691. On the left is visible the body of the ignition switch and, to right, that one of escape connector BNC. the 93 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . Concluded Fig.16 Once the assembly of the card of interface LX.1690 you will have to carefully lay down it on the inferior shell of the plastic piece of furniture, than we supply to you already supplied laterally of the necessary holes for the spillage of the taken USB, connectors BNC of income, the 4 taken BF of escape. ASSEMBLY in the PIECE OF FURNITURE CHARACTERISTIC TECHNICAL As you will be able to verify same, the assembly of the circuit to the inside of the piece of furniture turns out of extreme sem -- Frequency of conversion: 44.1 KHz plicità. - Type of conversion: 16 bit - Interface USB 1,1 On the plastic piece of furniture already is predisposed the allog -- Channels in income: 2 ChA - ChB giamenti for two connectors BNC of income, - Channels in escape: four taken BF of escape, the hole for the diode valve led 2 escapes to wave quadrant from the 0 to +5 Volt DL1 and two relative cracks to the slitte of the two 2 escapes to sinusoidale wave, triangol., etc shunters S1 and S2. 14 Volt picco/picco - Capacity: in pos.x1 max 1,7 Per.primo.cosa Volt you will have to insert the circuit to Inter-in pos.x10 max 17 Volt of the inferior shell of the piece of furniture (you do not see fig.16), on in pos.x100 max 170 Volt which 6 plastic reliefs are present that will go - Stiffness of income: to become part in the correspondents holes cuito KOhm LX.1690 gains to you on the cir-greater one of 100. - Feeding: +5 Volt through USB Therefore you will be able to apply the advanced shell, making attention to make to fuoriuscire from the correspondent hole the diode valve led that it marks it the feeding of the PRACTICAL REALIZATION of the interface. CIRCUIT of CALIBRATION LX.1691 From last does not remain to you that to apply on the part on-The assembly of this circuit the adhesive film with the cissimo is indeed sempli-periore of the container (sees fig.12). serigrafia of the device and your assembly it is You take print LX.1691 and inserted in the cir-finished one cuito the two relative hooves you to integrated IC1 and IC2, the 94 All rights they are of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . carrying out like always the weldings with much Cu-REQUISITI of the COMPUTER ra in order to avoid accidental short circuits between the piedini. Continued then with the two resistances to 1% R6 and program VISUAL ANALYSER could be R7, easy individualistic for their az-unloaded color liberations from Internet to the situated one: zurro or tawny and for the presence on their body of 5 bands rather than usuals 4. http://www.sillanumsoft.com Completed therefore the insertion of the remaining resistances. Before installing such software on your computer you will have to assess that this then satisfies to requi-E' the time of the condensers polyester and of the situated ones it indicates to you in the table: three elettrolitici condensers, of which you will have to respect the polarity, holding present that theirs finishes them longer corresponds to the positive pole. REQUIREMENT of the Inserted COMPUTER hour 4 diode valves DS1-DS2-DS3-DS4 rivolgen -- Sistema operating: Professional Windows XP I give you wrap it black stampigliata on their body like and XP Home Edition indicated in fig.12 and diode valve zener DZ2, that it will go - Type: PENTIUM mounted with wrap it turned towards right. - Ram: 32 Mb Subsequently you will be able to mount the DZ1, rivol -- Spazio available on hard disk: at least 20 Mb gendo the flat part of its body towards the high and - Reader CD-Rom 8x or reader DVD 2x transistor TR1, turning the flat part towards de -- Card 16 graphical video 800 x 600 bit stra, and diode valve led DL1 having cure to respect - 1 taken to USB polarity of its finishes them. Executed the assembly on the circuit of the switch to slips S1 and of escape connector BNC. COST of REALIZATION Inserted in you respect hooves to you integrated IC1 and IC2 Cost of all the necessary members for realize-having cure to respect the guideline of their king the card base of the Analyzer of phantom indicated-HEEL like in fig.12. glata LX.1690, comprised printed circult, card Hour you does not remain that to knit on the circuit the two it spins premounted in containing siglata SMD KM.1667 the coming from from the portabatteria, respecting some the po-CODEC (sees fig.11), piece of furniture MO1690 95,00 Euro larità, and the assembly of the circuit is finished. Cost of the circuit of siglato caliper LX.1691 PRACTICAL REALIZATION of (you see fig.12), comprised printed circult Euro 15,50 FILTER PASSES to BAND LX.1691B Cost of the circuit of the filter passes band You take printed publication small LX.1691B on which the LX.1691/B (you see fig.10), comprised circuit stam-you will go to mount the integrated hoof of the only one pato Euro 12,00 IC1 (you see fig.10). Mounted therefore the resistances, that you will be able Facil-Costo of printed circult LX.1690 Euro 9,20 mind to identify through the colorful bands Cost of printed circult LX.1691 Euro 2,30 stampigliate on their body, thePo-Costo condensers of printed circult LX.1691/B Euro 1,20 to liestere and the two elettrolitici condensers, of which you will have to respect the polarity, as indicates-To demanded: to in fig.10. Inserted therefore on the circuit the taken BF, Connet-Cavo of connection with lun-tore BNC and 2 crocodiles BNC, the switch to the diode valve slips to S1 and led go 1 meter (code RG1.102) Euro 3,50 DL1, respecting the polarity of its two finishes them, remembering that the anode corresponds to finishes them Cable of connection with 2 long BNC 50 cm longer. ( code RG1.05) Euro 4,50 From last inserted on the hoof the integrated IC1 orienting its heel as indicated from serigra-CD-Rom containing the software Visual Analyser fia and knit on the circuit the coming from cable from por-al the cost of the single support 5,00 Euro tabatteria, making attention not to invert of the polarity, and also this last assembly can Con-Tutti the prices is comprehensive of Vat, but not to siderarsi finished of expenses mail them of shipment word.word. the 95 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . In this type of presentation you can liberamen-Il SOFTWARE VISUAL ANALYSER you select the windows of your interest, as an example the screen of the oscilloscope (scope), In order not to weight down the description of the software, the phantom analyzer (spectrum), generate-we will give of continuation only a short explanation of tore BF (wave), the frequenzimetro (freq.meter), commandos who will come use you of time in time for etc to carry out the measures proposed in the article. The configuration of the options from you selected is two ways to use the Visual Analyser, and is in way standard that in way floating, will that is come the way standard and the way floating (sees automatically saved then at the moment to exit figg.17-18). from Visual Analyser on contained rows VA.INI nel-la directory GOES (c: \ programs\VA), and Ri-Questi will come you two ways is only distinguished for the proposal ogniqualvolta will throw again the software graphical presentation on the video of the computer, because while the way standard turns out more complete For configuration it means the position and of-of functions, the way floating turns out very more sin-mensione of the windows (ad.eccezione.della aim-tetico, having reduced the keys to little functions es-stra of Settings) and all the choices that effet-senziali. you have tuato, as an example the conditions of trigger of the oscilloscope, the shape of sinusoidale wave in GE-Alla first activation the software get ready of neratore, etc default on the way standard. If wished memorizzare the last one shapes-Subsequently it is possible to choose the zione way and to return to the configuration of default wished to-job vete two possibility: - to cancel rows VA.INI Way STANDARD - to press the key Default Conf. place in the Settings window (you see fig.19). In way standard on the video of the computer it comes visualized the visible main mask in fig.17 If instead wished to save a configuration with a minimal dimension of 790 x 637 pixel, than particular, to use subsequently for one can be expanded liberations beyond this specific measure, you can make it saving the minimal configu-dimension portion wished in various rows INI pressing simply the Save key as place in the row main mask contains the two windows nestra Settings (you see fig.19), and therefore defining of the oscilloscope and the analyzer of phantom and a new name for new rows INI. the series of the commandos of more common use, that they can be finds again to you also in the Settings window. When you will want to open this particular configuration you will not have to make other that to press the key Other commandos who come less use fre-Open config place you in the Settings window and therefore quentemente, like those regarding calibrate-selecting wished rows INI zione of the oscilloscope, are instead present in the Settings window (you only see fig.19). Famous : you keep in mind who to the end of the program the new configuration will come esem-camente saved automati-Le windows that regard other functions, in running rows INI, that is the rows indicated devout those relative ones to the voltmetro and frequenzime-nella the Info window (sees fig.20). tro , they are managed separately from the main window and can be recalled is dulling the COMMANDOS in the WAY Standard the correspondents present cases on the Set-tings window (you see fig.19), that directly dulling the main window in the way standard (you see options placed on the Main window, as indicated in fig.17) it contains: fig.17. - Screen Oscilloscope Way FLOATING - Screen Analyzer of phantom - main Commandos of the oscilloscope and the ana -- lizzatore of phantom In way floating the bar of the commandos present in the part to -- the Cases of activation of the Voltmetro only appears on the screen, of the Fre-ta of the window standard, like visible in fig.18. - quenzimetro and of generating Double quantity BF the 96 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure the 20 97 All rights is of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . The advanced bar contains the following keys (sees - The Settings push-button concurs to open the window fig.17): of settaggio relative to the following voices (you see fig.19): On/Off - The Spectrum push-button concurs to carry out the set-Settings taggio of the parameters of the analyzer of Phase phantom (sees fig.22). Wave Freq.meter - The Scope push-button concurs to carry out the set-Filters taggio of the parameters of the oscilloscope (sees Floating Windows mode fig.23). Of continuation we give a short signal to you of the functions - The push-button Calibrated allows to carry out that they can be selected through the push-buttons calibration of the measured values of tension that we have seen over from the oscilloscope and the voltmetro (you see fig.24). More ahead, we will execute a series of measures and in this occasion we will deepen the use mainly - The push-button In/Out Device concurs of various select-goddesses push-buttons. king the audio card that will come used in order to manage the income and the escape of the taken USB from com -- the On push-button allows to activate contempora-puter (sees fig.25). neamente it is the oscilloscope that the analyzer of phantom, giving run to the acquisition of if -- the Filters push-button allows to select in in-gnali applies to the two incomes To and B of the card gresso various types to you of filter (low-pass filter, passes al-of interface. to, it passes band, etc.) (you see fig.26). In order to realize this function they are present 3 task. - The Colors/Font push-button. With this option it is possible to select the color attributed to the channels of the first one task reads marks them from a buffer of of-income and the type of separator decimates them (point defined mensioni (as an example 4,096 points) and me-or the virgola one) (sees fig.27). morizza in buffer a dynamic inside. E' possible to select the dimensions of buffer in -- the push-button Capture Scope/Spectrum the pearl Settings window (you see fig.21). it puts to set up the duration of the Naturally greater function is the number of the points sele-capture of the present image on the screen zionati and greater it is the resolution that you will obtain of the oscilloscope and the analyzer of phantom in the measure, but of equal step will increase also (you see fig.28). time that it will be necessary in order to visualize the phantom. The resolution that comes used normally is of - The Phase push-button concurs to open window 4,096 heads. that extension as varies the phase of marks them to varying of the frequency (you see fig.29). Having the second task it uses the buffer dynamic and it determines same scale in frequency of the diagram of the phantom, the phantom for means of known algorithm FFT the diagram of the phase can be overlapped to (F ast F ourier T ransform) and therefore it visualizes it sul-this last one, concurring therefore of having one visio-lo screen of the phantom analyzer. it completes some of the phantom in frequency of marks them. The third party task instead is completely dedicated to the interface with the utilizzatore (management of the keys, - the Wave push-button recalls the window of settaggio etc). of double generating BF by means of which it is possible to select the frequency, the amplitude and Once that shape of the two has been activated the On push-button com-la marks them in escape (sinusoidale, seems on the bar of the commandos the Off push-button, than wave quadrant, triangular, etc.) (you see fig.30). In it acts in opposite way to the previous one, consen-this function is possible moreover to generate two I stretch of disabilitare the acquisition of marks them sul-various types of noise, that they can very turn out the screen useful for the measures in vlf. Normally it is possible to change several the settaggi of the software while it is in use. - the Freq.Meter push-button allows to set up the Those settaggi that cannot be modified resolution of reading of the frequenzimetro, like there-during the use, instead, automatically of-sibile in fig.31. they are sabilita to you. 98 All the rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure the 24 99 All rights is of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . In this option it is moreover possible to use the meters that they will come uses in the executed measures instrument you also like periodimetro, or Co-with the several instruments (oscilloscope, contatore analyzer me of events. of phantom, voltmetro and frequenzimetro). - the Filters push-button concurs to open the window the calibration instead is necessary in order to calibrate of the filters in which it is possible to choose a filter from the oscilloscope and the voltmetro on a value preci-to apply in income between 6 various types (FIR LOW knows of tension, so that the measure of ampiez-pass, FIR HI pass, FIR BAND pass, etc.) you see za of marks carried out them with these two instruments fig.32. is reliable. - the Floating push-button windows mode/Standard CONFIGURATION mode allows to select between the presentation floating and the presentation standard of the Visual A-Per to shape the software is necessary to leave from fi-nalyser. nestra main in way the standard (sees fig.17). Dyne Floating way, beyond to the present commandos in Mo-po that this window will be visualized on scher-I give Standard, are present on the bar also the mo of the PC you will have to execute the following operations: commando Scope and the Spectrum commando who concurs to visualize respective - Oscilloscope and that one connected the taken present USB sulla screen card dell' dell' phantom analyzer interface alla taken to USB del personal Compu-Entrambe the windows can be liberations ter through a common cable printing USB for increased until occupying the entire space dello screen. - Activated the program cliccando on icona the Visual Analyser on the desktop. - the Help push-button concurs to consult Bre-Premete the Settings push-button place on the bar of the ve famous that explains the operation of the program-commandos and will see to appear the window indicated in but fig.19. Controlled that the value set up to voice FFT Size is equal to 4.096. If therefore the just value were not selezio-Il born software VISUAL ANALYSER, like indicated in the fig.21. As you will be able to state, the software Visual Analy -- Controllate that the value set up to the Fre-ser voice is conceived in order to be employed also quency Sampling (you see fig.19) corresponds to from those who have not never had occasion of frequency of sampling of 44.100 Hz. Other-to use neither an oscilloscope, neither analyze-minds selected this indicated value like in phantom king. fig.33. In order to take to familiarity with the software all -- Since we will use alone the channel To, verified that via we advise you to proceed for degrees, parten-alla voice Number of Channels is selected I give from the use of the simpler instruments and Mono attivan-voice to it, like visible in fig.19. The voice Ste-I give an instrument for guilty time gradually concurs to visualize Ca-Quando separately you will feel masters of the main ones works them To and B, using the oscilloscope like dop-ni of every instrument (generating BF, oscillate-devout trace. scopio , phantom analyzer), you will be able to pass beyond. - To the Channels voice you will be able to choose which between the following options you will be able to visualize on the screen Once executed the installation of the Vi-dell' software oscilloscope, like indicated in fig.34: sual Analyser like indicated in the paragraph "Installation of the software", before executing whichever measure Channel you will have to carry out two simple operations, and that is: B channel B and Channel - configuration of software Visual Analyser Channel A/B Channel B/A Channel X/Y - calibration Channel A+B the configuration concurs to activate the card of interface LX.1690 and to introduce all Para-Selezionate the channel To the 100 All rights is of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27 Figure the 28 101 All rights is of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . - Hour you press the Scope key place on the bar denotes: we wish to perceive to you that in this versio-gli instruments and you will appear the window of fig.23. of the program some parameters could some not come save to you correctly. We advise to you therefore to recheck the parameters newly impo -- In this window you will have to set up the parameters be before executing the measures. of reading of the oscilloscope, like indicated in fig.35. If wished to save various configurations give - Since we have chosen to visualize subsequently unicamen-to use in particular surrounding the channel To of the oscilloscope, you will be able selects-ze, you will be able to make using it the Save option as and king the relative parameters you to this channel subsequently the Open key config. for sele-Posizionate the cursore Vpos in position only centers them and to zionare the wished configuration. the cursore ms/d (millisecondi/divisione), Corri-Premendo the Default key config., instead, comes spondente to the selector of the base of the times, on loaded a configuration with default. value to the incirca equal to 0,5 milliseconds. Posizionate the cursore of zoom in the position the CALIBRATION correspondent to an equal amplification to x1. Therefore dulled in the case low on the left Once executed the configuration of the software, Trig voice (trigger) and posizionate the cursore Trig before passing to true and own the execution del-on the credit side incirca to run half, like indicated in figure. the measure, is necessary to execute the simplest one Controlled that on the Y-axis voice the circuit is selected calibration operation using the option Volt. of calibration LX.1691 purposely Predispo-Selezionate in the voice Trigger Left the option Place, than will allow you to carry out preci-sitive measures Slope. if of tension values it is with the voltmetro that with the oscilloscope. - You press hour the key In/out Device. In the window of fig.25 that it appears to you cliccate on the Detect push-button. As we have said, this circuit is constituted from This determines an exchange of information between an oscillator in a position to generating in escape on-il a present converter USB on the card of Hindu having sinusoidale a constant amplitude of terfaccia LX.1690 and personal the computer and, 1 Volt picco/picco and a frequency of approximately 1.200 once that this has been recognized, will come Hz, with which you will be able to calibrate with precision used in place of the audio card the present value of tension read from the voltmetro and on scher-on the credit side the inside of personal the computer. mo of the oscilloscope. To test of the happened acknowledgment, in the two fi-Una connected time the circuit of nestre calibration device Input and device Output must on drums com-LX.1691, and verified that after to have to parire Audio dicitura "USB CODEC". set in action the ignition switch the diode valve led laughed for some reason this written did not have sulti ignited, will be able to give beginning to your measures to appear, means that the interface card has not been correctly recognized and in Que-Per before what the Visual Analyser connected the BNC of escape of cir-is case will not work cuito oscillating to the income To of the card of In-Verificate that logon USB is corrected and terfaccia LX.1690, through the appropriate cable, Co-repeats the procedure until obtaining correct the rhymes indicated in fig.3. conoscimento of the card. You predispose moreover the commutator to slips to S1 place on the income To of card LX.1690 on po -- Premete the Filters push-button place on the bar prin-sizione x1. cipale and controlled that on the window of fig.26 some type of filter is not selected. Connected escape USB of the card of interface to the taken USB of the computer through a common one After to have executed these simple operations printing cable USB for configuration begins them of the program is finished. After to have ignited the computer, cliccate two times If hour wished to save the configuration dovre-sulla icona of the Visual Analyser, being opened therefore you to press the Save key config. main mask of the software (you see fig.17). In this way the configuration comes saved and To this point, before carrying out the measure, true-recharged automatically at the moment of the riav-ficate ones that they are correctly it sets up the parame-vio to you of the continuation program tri indicates to you. the 102 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . Figure 29 Figure 30 Figure the 31 103 All rights is of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . You press on the Settings key place up on the left Hour that the interface card is in a position to col-sulla bar of the commandos to loquiare with the computer, you can proceed to Ef-Si will open the window of fig.19. fettuare the calibration. In option following MAIN set up Parame-Se observed the mask of fig.17 you will see that on the tri with the values it indicates to you to side, like visible in fig.19: skillful advanced side, to flank of the oscilloscope, appears the commandos of Vertical Position, Trig-FFT size: 4096 ger, ms/d and Zoom that you have previously im-Frequency sampling: 44100 postato in the Settings window. Number of channels: Mono In the bar up on the left appears the key ON, Bit depth: 16 that comes used in order to visualize on the Channels screen: ChA of the oscilloscope marks them to measure (sees fig.17). Cliccate hour on the Scope option and you will see to open the window of fig.35. To this point you press key ON and you will see com-In this window you will have to regulate the 4 cursori them-parire on the screen of the oscilloscope marks them from relative neari you to the channel To as it follows: to measure (you see fig.37). Vpos (vertical position): it goes regulated to run half. Having set up the parameters of the oscilloscope, po-ms/d (millisecondi/divisione): it goes regulated in way tete to begin the measure of the sinusoidale wave erodes to obtain a next value to approximately 0,5 milli-gata from our circuit secondi/divisione. Zoom : it goes up regulated all. In the main window you press the key Settings Trig: it goes regulated approximately to run half. and on the window that is opened subsequently sele-Since will use for our Calibrated only-zionate measure the key, opening the mind window the channel To, is necessary to only regulate the fig.38. 4 cursori you mail on the left. To the voice "Level of known input signal (units)" Marked therefore the relative cases to the options Trig-set up value 1,0, using the point like ger, Positive Volt and indicated Slope like in fig.35, separator and the virgola, correspondent to 1 Volt not activating the respective functions picco/picco. Famous : g them same commandos who you have selected in this window will come ripresentati in Ma-Nota: the program uses of default the point as separatory it decimates them like in main the an-schera notation of the Visual Analyser, sees fig.17, glosassone. However it is possible to select as concurring you to carry out some, when if pre-separator the virgola (you see some fig.39). it feels the necessity, the regulation. After to have carried out the formulation of the parameters Therefore, to the Units voice selected the diciture Volt in the Scope window, you press the key In/out Device and Peak to Peak. and the window of fig.36 will be opened, in which in written correspondence of the device Input and Output De-Ora cliccate on the Start key measure signal for from-vice beginning to the God calibration used from the computer for these will appear the indication of the type of gold card two functions. The software will analyze marks them in income and decrease-In this window you press the Detect key. brerà on the value of set up tension picco/picco. Endured after dulled the Apply window calibration Selecting this option comes disabilitata the settings in order to render effective the audio procedure effet-card inner to the computer and to its place tuata. your oscilloscope comes qualified logon USB with ours To this point is calibrated card of external interface. and this concurs you to measure in Volt or in E' easy to make sure itself that the computer has corret-milliVolt it marks applied them in income tamene recognized the card of interface LX.1690 because the two device diciture on the position In-put device and Output will come replaced In order to save the executed calibration therefore, evitan-dalla Audio dicitura "USB CODEC". I give to generally repeat it to every ignition of the Visual, if to the ignition of the computer the Analyser, we suggest you to save it in rows dedicated, pressing the Save key (you see fig.40). card interface turns out connected already to door USB of the PC, these of it will carry out Riconoscimen-All' ignition of the Visual Analyser will be able automatically richia-to marla cliccando on the Load key. 104 All the rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . Figure 32 Figure 33 Figure 34 Figure the 35 105 All rights is of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . After therefore to have calibrated the Visual Analyser, a po' to wish, while in this way it is you will be able to be amused to visualize on the screen del-possible to obtain in escape from the interface if-the oscilloscope perfectly marks having them various shape of on-gnale to wave clean quadrant and squa-from products from inner generator BF to the drato Visual. Analyser measuring some amplitude and frequency . In order better to comprise as to use she marks them This it will allow you to acquire familiarità is with in escape from the interface card, riassumia-i commandos of generator BF who with various mo the function of the 4 taken to present BF on the functions of the oscilloscope same card: Escapes 3 and 4 two GENERATORS BF of VISUAL ANALYSER On these escapes are present mark them to wave quadrant of 5 equal constant amplitude to Volt, than To the inside of the Visual Analyser two are present the-come completely generated from the present squadratore circuit generating dentexes BF indipenden-sulla interface card. you one from the other, and just the generator de-La frequency of marks them is the same one set up on the name Left (To channel) and the generator generating Right BF of GOES. ( B channel), you see fig.41. Escape 3 corresponds to the Left generator, while escape 4 corresponds to the Right generator. Famous : in order to avoid whichever confusion, you keep in mind who the relative B and diciture to the generator Exited 1 and 2 BF do not have null to that to see with the same diciture To and B used for contraddistinguere On these escapes is present the same one marks them for-the two incomes of the interface. scholar from generator BF, amplified so as to to obtain in escape he marks them that Everyone of two generators BF can arrive to 14 is in a position to E-Volt peak to peak in amplitude to rogare marks them with frequency comprised between 1 Hz the wave shape and the frequency of marks them 22,050 veins Hz, subdivided in 5 various range of fre-gono set up on generator BF of GOES. quenza selectable via software, and that is: The escape 1 it corresponds to the Left generator, while Full range: the escape 2 it corresponds to the Right generator. from 1 Hz to 22.050 Hz from 10 Hz to 100 Hz Therefore if you will connect escape 1 of the Hindu card of 100 Hz to 1 KHz terfaccia to one of the incomes, in order to visualize from 1 KHz to 10 KHz marks them will have to activate the Left generator. from 1 KHz to 22.050 Hz a particular a lot important that it is necessary under-Dal generator is possible to capture marks-TO delineate them is that the two generators can be uti-nusoidale, to wave quadrant, to wave triangola-lizzati is separately that in condition loop. king nonchè two various types of noise (white man and rose) and one sweep. The difference is consisting because, using the two generators separately, a produced sinusoidale wave from the generator is determined for-L' comes you absorption of resources from the used computer in order to gain is the sinusoidale wave that the present wave quadrant on the escapes of interface LX.1690. It could happen in this case that it marks distributed them from the two generators is not continuous, but joins in intermittent way on the screen. The sinusoidale wave comes last through a filter that has the task to clean up it from the advanced harmonicas and subsequently amplified before In order avoiding this inconvenient one we advise you of being sended in escape, while the wave quadrant way-to dull the visible function loop mode in fig.41. of generated directly on the card interface In this way you will have to disposition the only GE-LX.1690, leaving from the neratore produced sinusoidale wave, you see fig.44, but not risentirete of some from the Visual inconvenient Analyser., because it marks distributed them from adopted Ge-Abbiamo this sagacity, because neratore it comes produced so as to not to absorb the wave quadrant produced from generators BF it left resources from the computer. the 106 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . Figure 36 Figure 37 Figure 38 Figure the 39 107 All rights is of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . - regulation of the value of frequency through WE MEASURE the various SHAPES Of horizontal cursore WAVE. The precise value of fre-produced from GENERATOR BF the quenza can also be set up writing it in the appropriate case and cliccando on the Apply key. For being able to observe on the screen of oscillosco -- the regulation of the amplitude, through a devout cursore the various produced shapes of wave from the GE-VERTICAL double quantity, marked from the written Levels. neratore BF of the Visual Analyser, you will have before to proceed to carry out the connections between the Note card: if it is desired to capture it marks them to wave interface and personal the computer as indicated present quadrant on escapes 3 and 4 it is necessary exceed-in fig.4. king a sure level of marks produced them from the generator, otherwise the squadratore circuit does not work. Just you will have to connect like always the taken USB of the interface to the taken USB of - Chosen of the shape of wave through the case wa-personal computer and to connect the taken BF rela-ve function, in which it is possible to choose between the tiva to one of the escapes 1 and 2 of following card LX.1690 shapes of wave (you see fig.43): to one of the two incomes of the interface, to example the escape 1 to connector BNC correspondent to the sinusoidale channel To. quadrant In this way it marks produced them from generator sweep BF of the Visual Analyser will be visible on the channel To noise white man of the oscilloscope pink noise custom Once she realizes the connections to you you are ready for pulse executing the triangular measure passtrough - Launch the program cliccando on the icona GOES po -- Enable Case. It qualifies the operation of cia-is on the desktop, therefore to appearing of the window scuno of 2 generators BF. main selected the Settings voice and rechecked the parameters of configuration of the software, Co -- On/Off Key of activation of the generator or me indicated in the paragraph "Configuration There-generators selects to you with the Enable option. SUALANALYSER ". Hour the shape of sinusoidale wave and im selected -- Regolate to the maximum the volume of mixer of Win-postate one 1.200 equal frequency to Hz. dows , like indicated in fig.60. - Regulated the amplitude of marks them nearly to the minimum, through the appropriate cursore Levels having Po-Attenzione: remembered, every time that executed one is the commutator of income of the card measure, to verify that the volume of the mixer is LX.1690 on the position x1, so as to satu-sempre not regulated on the maximum. Various, if-rare converter USB. gnale produced from generator BF could turn out insufficient in order to execute the measure. - You press the On key that it will begin to flash, indicating that the generator is in function. - Therefore selected the option Calibrated, you see fig.24, and loaded the parameters with Calibration that - If hour you press present the On key on the bar you will have previously saved in appropriate fi-goddesses commandos of the oscilloscope you will see to appear sul-le, recalling it through the Load key. the screen marks them sinusoidale product from the generator, like visible in fig.45. - You press therefore key OK and you bring back yourselves on but-A time that you have visualized on the screen the main schera of GOES (sees fig.17). it marks them to measure, you will be able to modify Opportu-Ora selected the Wave option on the bar of the Co-namente the commandos of the oscilloscope sends and the window indicated in fig.41 will be opened. As you can notice on the window they are present As an example you will be able to move the cursore Trig until two identical sections correspondents to the two gene-to carry the outlined horizontal line that Indians-ratori BF call Right and Left (channel) (B ca the level to you of the trigger, in correspondence of them-channel). nea centers them of the screen, so as to Sincro-Per every generator is present i following Co-nizzare marks them bloccandolo most possible sul-sends (sees fig.41). the screen. the 108 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . Figure 40 Figure 41 Figure the 42 109 All rights is of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . If hour wished to measure the amplitude of marks-gnale they begin to scarseggiare. you will have to proceed as it follows: We explain ourselves better. We suppose of having one sinusoide of equal frequency to 500 Hz and using one frequency of cam -- Capacities with mouse the arrow of the gunlayer in 44.100 pionamento of Hz. correspondence of the advanced level of theSi-Questo wave means that we will have to disposition for cia-nusoidale visualized on the sinusoide screen scuna: - Cliccate with the left key of the mouse and vedre-44.100: 500 = approximately 88 points you to open a outlined window (you see fig.46). If hour we wish to visualize on the screen - Holding always pressed the left key trasci-dell' oscilloscope one sinusoide of equal frequency to been born the outlined line that Hz is appeared up in 10.000 we will have instead to disposition: correspondence of the inferior level of the sinu-soidale wave (you see fig.47). When the outlined line coincides with the limi-44.100: 10.000 = approximately 4 points inferior you of mark them, will see visualized the amplitude peak peak in Volt of your wave-In this case, making the interpolation to delineate between nusoidale, like indicated in fig.47. single 4 points, are clearly that the wave shape that we would see on the oscilloscope would not be more -Allo a same way, posizionando the line outline-nusoide, but something that approximates more rather ta vertical in correspondence of a peak and trasci-un' triangular wave. nando the second line outlined in correspondence of the immediately successive peak, Po-Per to obviate to this disadvantage that begins trete to measure with precision the frequency of vo-to being percepibile already to a frequency of cir-stro marks them (sees fig.48). ca 6-7 KHz, using option D/A of the Visual A-nalyser comes carried out a reconstruction of if-Nell' example that we have brought back we have with-gnale using a complex mate-sigliato algorithm to use the income suppressor on the matico, all practically in real time. position x1 , inasmuch as the tension to measure turned out little advanced to 1 Volt peak to peak. Therefore, dulling case D/A it low mails to Posizionando the commutator on the skillful position x10 of the screen of the oscilloscope, you will see you will be able to measure tensions until approximately 17 Volt, men-perfettamente reconstructed on the screen shapes three in the position x100 you will be able to measure tensions of wave of all the frequencies comprised to the inside until 170 Volt of peak approximately of the audio band, also those neighbors to the sampling frequency. As you will become more expert you will be able to amuse-there to visualize on your oscilloscope the mosttalked nonsense marks them electrical workers, varying it is the values ms/d and that is of the millisecondi/divisione, expanding it marks them in horizontal sense, it is the value of zoom, amplifying it marks them in vertical sense, and you will have way therefore to appreciate R-al.meglio the flexibility and the great facility of use of this Stru-Misura of the ANSWER of a mento. FILTER PASSES to BAND function D/A Hour that you have taken confidenza with generator BF of the Visual Analyser, will be able to execute an other measure that can turn out very interesting for who E' a function this, present to the inside of There-works in vlf and that is to see like sual Analyser, of which the author of the software can involves a filter, as an example a filter passes ban-to go just proud, because it has been svi-from, to varying of the frequency of marks them sinu-luppata in such way to concur perfect rivers-soidale applied to its income construction of marks them also to those already next frequencies to that one of sampling, where the points to disposition in order to reconstruct Se-Per answer in frequency you will be able the 110 All rights are of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . Figure 43 Figure 44 Figure the 45 111 All rights is of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . to use the filter passes to active band LX.1691B Varying the frequency del marks applied them in in-that we have purposely predisposed for que-gresso, will be able to verify sullo screen dell' oscil-is verification loscopio like modification marks them in escape dal filter and to gain its curve of answer. After to have predisposed the connections and to have Ac-Questo filter it introduces a cut frequency teo-ceso the filter you will be able to give to beginning to the rica measure to center 2.843 band of Hz and a premised width After this short one we can pass of 482 equal theoretical band to Hz. to the true and own measure. The frequency of inferior theoretical cut turns out therefore of: - Cliccate on present the Wave key up on the bar of the commandos of the main window (you see 2,843 Hz - (482 Hz: 2) = 2,602 Hz fig.17) and will open visible the Main window in fig.41. This mask contains the main commandos While the frequency of advanced theoretical cut of the generator, like the shape of wave, it rego-will be equal to: lazione of the value of frequency and amplitude of marks them. 2,843 Hz + (482: 2) = 3,084 Hz - In order to begin the measure we advise you of "theoretical" Impo-Precisiamo, why as always these to be a value of frequency approximately equal to the go-values are legacies to the unavoidable tolerances of the theoretical com-lore of center band, correspondent to cir-placing. ca 2,850 Hz. The value of the job frequency can be set up is acting on the cursore In the description of the outline electrical worker of the sche-horizontal that writing directly valo-from LX.1691B we have brought back the formulas that with-king in the respective case and therefore pressing ta-feel to gain the frequency to center band are Apply. and the bandwidth of the filter in function of the value of the members. - Selected to the inside of the Wave case func-In this way, modifying the value of compo-tion the shape of wished wave and since in these nenti, you will be able to change to the value of the frequency case we wish to carry out the measure in regimen-HEADQUARTERS of the filter and its nusoidale and bandwidth you will have to select the Sine voice. to verify with the Visual Analyser as the answer in frequency of the filter has been modified. - From last moved the cursore of theRe-Per amplitude to execute this measure you will have to predispose the lativo to the channel Left, called Levels, to the incirca to connections as it follows (you see fig.5): level of the first heel leaving from the high, correspondent to an equal value to approximately 10% of the entire amplitude available. - the taken present USB Connected on the interface to the taken USB of the computer through a common printing cable USB for. - You press the On key of the generator, that it will begin to flash indicating that is working. - the taken BF Connected correspondent to escape 1 of the card of interface LX.1690 to the taken one - You press the On key place on the bar princi-BF of income of filter LX.1691B. shovels of the commandos, in order to activate the acquisition of mark them of the oscilloscope and the analyzer of - Connected connector BNC of escape of the filter phantom. LX.1691B to connector BNC place on the income You will see to appear on the screen marks them channel To of the interface card. sinusoidale in escape from the filter, like visible in fig.49. - Posizionate the suppressor of relative income to the channel To on the position x1. - Recorded the value of amplitude of marks them sul-lo checkered screen of the oscilloscope. In this way it marks them sinusoidale product from generator BF of the Visual Analyser will come sended to the income of the filter passes band. - Hour modified the value of the frequency, incre-112 All the rights are of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . Figure 46 Figure 47 Figure the 48 113 All rights is of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . mentandola of 50 Hz, carrying it to 2.900 Hz and 3.350 Re-Supponiamo that Hz is equal to as indicates-gistrate the amplitude of marks them on the screen. to in fig.51. We suppose that small This is increased of one means that because of the tolerance of the heel: members, the effective frequency of advanced cut of your filter does not correspond to the theoretical value of 3.084 calculated Hz like. - Hz Executed one new measure to 2.950 and verified the new value of amplitude. If it is still leg-germente increased, you still increase the frequency end when you do not catch up theMas-Nota value: in alternative to the graphical measure of the am-simo in amplitude of it marks them in escape from the filter piezza of marks them you will be able to use the function This will be the effective value of center band of voltmetro present to the inside of the Visual Analyser. the your filter passes band. After to have activated it, dulling the case Volt me-ter mail on the Main window (you see fig.34), moved fine the cursore Levels of generator BF Supponiamo that the maximum value of amplitude so as to to obtain to the center frequency Hz ban-catches up to 3.000, like indicated in fig.50. This gives of the filter a reading of the tension peak to peak in escape from the same filter the most possible neighbor means that because of the inevitable tol-to 1 Volt. leranza of the members the frequency of Ban-Ora center Hz gradually increased the frequency since of the filter is sli from the 2,843 theoretical to the 3,000 when you do not obtain on voltmetro one reading pa-Hz effective. rivers to the reading of approximately 1 Volt carried out previously, still multiplied for 0,707. This is the frequency of advanced cut of the Hour that you have found the center value band, filter. leaving from this you will be able to verify Del-Riportate the new value you of in center band, to the tension the effective bandwidth of your filter. of approximately 1 Volt. Hour you reduce the frequency of generator BF end In order to make this acting on the cursore Levels of GE-WHEN you do not obtain on voltmetro a pa-neratore reading BF, regulated the amplitude of marks them until rivers to the reading of approximately 1 Volt carried out previous-to fargli occupying on the screen of the oscilloscope mind, still multiplied for 0,707. exactly 8 small checks (you see fig.50). This is the effective frequency of inferior cut of your filter. Fact this, progressively increased the frequency of 50 oscillator BF of Hz in 50 Hz, end Quan-Supponiamo that this happens to the frequency of gives marks will not occupy them one equal amplitude to: 2,670 Indicated Hz like in fig.52. 8 small checks x 0,707 = 5,6 small checks approximately This mean that the frequency of inferior cut of the filter discosta from the theoretical frequency of 2.602 Hz of 68 Hz. This amplitude corresponds to a reduction of marks them equal to - 3 dB. In order to help you to execute an taken care of measure, po-sizionate it marks them of escape through the cursore ver-In this article we have faced explains-ticale it Vpos of the oscilloscope, making it it coincides-zione of the main commandos of the Visual Analyser king with the inferior margin of the grid of or-and its I use mostly like oscil-scilloscopio. loscopio. Next we will continue with the description In this way you will be in a position to appreciating with of the commandos and others interesting measures in precision the amplitude of 5,6 small checks, Corrispon-Bassa Frequency, deepening the work-teeth to 5 small checks and 3 heels (you see fig.51). mento of the Visual Analyser in a garment that we think worthy of attention, and that is that one that You read to this point the frequency set up on previews its employment like analyzer of generator BF. phantom . 114 All the rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . Figure 49 Figure 50 Figure 51 Figure the 52 115 All rights is of New property Electronic, is prohibited the reproduction trades them . INSTALLATION of SOFTWARE VISUAL ANALYSER Fig.53 Once inserted the containing CD-Rom the software Visual Analyser in the PC, you will see to open this first window. Clic-cate on Next. Fig.54 Selezionate written "the accept the terms in the license agreement" cliccando with mouse on the case "the accept...", therefore on Next. Fig.55 Inserted in the appropriate bar your nominative case and selected low the written "Anyone who u-ses this computer" or the written "Only for me", therefore cliccate on Next. the 116 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . Fig.56 In this window, that it evidences the directory of installation of the program Visual Analyser, you will have simply to cliccare on the Next key. Fig.57 will open therefore this vi-deata automatically and this time in order to proceed in the installation you will have simply to cliccare on the key Install. Fig.58 To this point begins the process of installation of the program, marked from the bars that will appear in fast succession on your monitor. the 117 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them . Fig.59 To happened installation will open this window automatically in which you will have clicca-king on the Finish key. On the de-sktop of the PC you will see therefore to appear the icona of the program Visual Analyser. Fig.60 In case on the monitor did not appear marks them of generator BF, verified that the driver audio of the card they are installs to you correctly. In order to make it cliccate on Start, Formulations, therefore on Panel of control. Cliccate on icona "the peripheral Sounds and" and in the window of the verified Volume that written "AUDIO Conexant AMC" appears. In contrary case cliccate on the Audio written one of the menu and you supply to select it. the 118 All rights are of New property Electronic, are prohibited the reproduction trade them