1) Antibodies identify (tag) invaders so T-Cells, etc. know what to attack
2) Indicators of inflammation include: increased body tempterature, puss, etc.
3) Nitrogen fixing bacteria take atmospheric nitrogen, combine it with hydrogen to make Amonium
4) Archaea bacteria have no peptodeglycan seal. do have a cell wall | usually found in extreme climates | ribosomal DNA, some introns, often antibiotic resistant
5) Active immunity is cell mediated immunity to specific antigens. Invlolved: cytotoxic, helper, and suppresive T cells, B cells, and plasma cells and antibodies.
6) In people effected by HIV, helper T cells were destroyed and cannot activate other defensive cells
7) Mode of transmission of chicken pox/measles: direct contact, droplet or air borne spread of fluids
8) Mechanism used by bacteria to transfer genetic material from one strain to another is called transcription, using transcriptase
9) ?
10) Proteins and Peptides can be found on all mammalian leukocytes, used to protect the cell wall and contents of cell
11) Bacteria that cause disease are called pathogenic bacteria. Some bacteria can only make one particular host ill; others cause trouble in a number of hosts, depending on the host specificity of the bacteria.
12) Likely environments of... halophile: salty/saline; methanogents: anaerobic; themoacidophiles: hot and acidic waters; cyanobacteria: water
13) Plasma cells are special white blood cells that produce antibodies. Created by B cells
14) Interferons increase the resistance of surrounding cells to attacks by viruses.
15) A release of histamines will result in inflammation, runny nose, sneezing, and itching
16) Lymphocytes are continuously made in the bone marrow
17) B cell maturation occurs in one's bone marrow
18) T cell maturation occurs in the thymus
19) Passive immunity is temporary protection against disease through antibodies produced by another human being or animal
20) Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that makes a complementary DNA copy of an mRNA strand.
21) ??
22) Immunoglobulins are glycoproteins in the immunoglobulin superfamily that function as antibodies. Five classes: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE. IgG: longterm immunity; IgA: secretory antimody, on mucous membranes; IgM: produced at first respons to antigen, can serve as B-cell receptor; IgD: receptor n B cells; IgE: antibody of allergy and worm infections
23) Basic virus structure: a protein capsule containing DNA or RNA. Remember: space invader looking thing
24) Bacteria have a very simple internal structure, and no membrane-bound organelles. Includes: flagella (externakl tail), pilli (external fingers), capsule wall, cell wall, cytoplasmic membrance, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
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