!!!!!!!!!Electricity flows Negative-to-Positive!!!!!!!!!
Matter with a positive charge is simply matter with the lack of Protons.
Electrons from the voltage in the battery (storage), enter the wire and push other free electrons in the outer orbits.
The movement of the electrons through the wire is an electric current.
(Conductors, Insulators, Resistors)
All matter/materials have atleast some resistance. (including silver and copper which have a high conductivity, )
High Resistence = Low Conductivity
Low Resistence = High Conductivity
Page 3: "A material such as copper conducts electricity because its atoms have one free electron in their outer orbit, which can be easily moved from atom to atom. The greater the voltage impressed on the wire, the greater the electron flow."
Alluminum (Electrons per shell)
Silver (Electrons per shell) -- 2, 8, 18, 18, 1
Copper (Electrons per shell) -- 2, 8, 18, 1
Gold (Electrons per shell) -- 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
Good insulator -- glass (Silicon dioxide) O(2)Si(1) (3 element bound partical = chemical bound), Asbestos, Rubber, Plastic
Oxigen (Electrons per shell) -- 2, 6
Silicon (Electrons per shell) -- 2, 8, 4
Hydrogen (Electrons per shell) -- 1
"Only way for particles of matter to be joined together is a matter of intense heat for the particals to join together."
Atom consists of sub atomic particles. Electrons carrie a negative electric charge (w/ the value of -1).
Electron = -
Proton = +
Nuclei
Atom
\
\
\
( ( (Nucleus) ) )
The number of Protons/Neutrons and Electrons make up a single Atom, with clear distinction with physical/chemical differnces with each other
Constants:
Nuclei
Proton
Nutron
Variable
Atom/Element
Nucleus is made up of Protons (positive charge) and Neutrons (neutral charge).
Protons
Neutrons do not leave tracks of ionized particles or curve in magnetic fields.
Electrons (negative) -- Orbit (shell)
Ions -
An ion is an atom or group of atoms, normally electrically neutral, that has lost or gained one or more electrons.
"Free Electrons" 'capable of moving'
Conductor -- Resistor (verys) (ohms) -- Insulator (very little to none)
Units of Measurement
Watt -- James Watt
Volt -- Alesandro Volta
Amp -- Andrew M. Ampere
Ohm (resistance) -- George Simon Ohm
Arithmetic Values:
I = E/R Current equals Voltage Divided by Resistance (1)
R = E/I Resistance equals Voltage divided by Current (2)
E = I*R Voltage equals Current times Resistance (3)
Conductor = 100% (Not Real!)
Resistence = 99% - 1% (Not Real!)
Insulator = 0% (Not Real!)
Current is represented by the letter I (Intensity).
--Amps are measured in current Intensity, A.
Voltage is represented by the letter E (electromotive force).
--Electromotive force (Voltage) is measured in Volts, V.
Resistance is represented by the letter R
--Resistence is measured in Ohms (Ω)
A/V/R are forms of measurement
Ohms law is the basic law of electricity
Electromotive force (emf) is the amount of energy gained per unit charge that passes through a device in the opposite direction to the electric field existing across that device. It is measured in volts.
The ionized particle or atom