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#377553
"""Simple object oriented graphics library for
Introduction to Programming using Python
by John Zelle, Ph.D."""
# Version 1.6
# Fixed Entry so StringVar uses _root as master, solve weird
# interaction with shell in Idle
# Fixed bug in setCoords. X and Y coordinates can increase in
# "non-intuitive" direction.
# Tweaked wm_protocol so window is not resizable and kill box closes.
# Version 1.5
# Fixed bug in Entry. Can now define entry before creating a
# GraphWin. All GraphWins are now toplevel windows and share
# a fixed root (called _root).
# Version 1.4
# Fix Garbage collection of Tkinter images bug.
# Add ability to set text atttributes.
# Add Entry boxes.
import Tkinter
tk = Tkinter
from copy import copy
OBJ_ALREADY_DRAWN = "Graphics Error: Object already visible"
UNSUPPORTED_METHOD = "Graphics Error: Object doesn't support operation"
BAD_OPTION = "Graphics Error: Illegal option value"
# Default values for various item configuration options. Only a subset of
# keys may be present in the configuration dictionary for a given item
DEFAULT_CONFIG = {"fill":"",
"outline":"black",
"width":"1",
"arrow":"none",
"text":"",
"justify":"center",
"font": ("helvetica", 12, "normal")}
class GraphicsObject:
def __init__(self, options):
self.canvas = None
self.id = None
config = {}
for option in options:
config[option] = DEFAULT_CONFIG[option]
self.config = config
def setFill(self, color): self._reconfig("fill", color)
def setOutline(self, color): self._reconfig("outline", color)
def setWidth(self, width): self._reconfig("width", width)
def draw(self, canvas):
if self.canvas: raise OBJ_ALREADY_DRAWN
self.canvas=canvas
self.id = self._draw(canvas, self.config)
def undraw(self):
if not self.canvas: return
self.canvas.delete(self.id)
self.canvas = None
self.id = None
def move(self, dx, dy):
self._move(dx,dy)
canvas = self.canvas
if canvas:
trans = canvas.trans
if trans:
x = dx/ trans.xscale
y = -dy / trans.yscale
else:
x = dx
y = dy
self.canvas.move(self.id, x, y)
def _reconfig(self, option, setting):
if not self.config.has_key(option): raise UNSUPPORTED_METHOD
options = self.config
options[option] = setting
if self.canvas: self.canvas.itemconfig(self.id, options)
class Point(GraphicsObject):
def __init__(self, x, y):
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, ["outline", "fill"])
self.setFill = self.setOutline
self.x = x
self.y = y
def _draw(self, canvas, options):
x,y = canvas.toScreen(self.x,self.y)
return canvas.create_rectangle(x,y,x+1,y+1,options)
def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.x = self.x + dx
self.y = self.y + dy
def clone(self):
other = Point(self.x,self.y)
other.config = self.config
return other
def getX(self): return self.x
def getY(self): return self.y
class _BBox(GraphicsObject):
def __init__(self, p1, p2, options=["outline","width","fill"]):
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, options)
self.p1 = p1.clone()
self.p2 = p2.clone()
def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.p1.x = self.p1.x + dx
self.p1.y = self.p1.y + dy
self.p2.x = self.p2.x + dx
self.p2.y = self.p2.y + dy
def getP1(self): return self.p1
def getP2(self): return self.p2
def getCenter(self):
p1 = self.p1
p2 = self.p2
return Point((p1.x+p2.x)/2.0, (p1.y+p2.y)/2.0)
class Rectangle(_BBox):
def __init__(self, p1, p2):
_BBox.__init__(self, p1, p2)
def _draw(self, canvas, options):
p1 = self.p1
p2 = self.p2
x1,y1 = canvas.toScreen(p1.x,p1.y)
x2,y2 = canvas.toScreen(p2.x,p2.y)
return canvas.create_rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2,options)
def clone(self):
other = Rectangle(self.p1, self.p2)
other.config = self.config
return other
class Oval(_BBox):
def __init__(self, p1, p2):
_BBox.__init__(self, p1, p2)
def clone(self):
other = Oval(self.p1, self.p2)
other.config = self.config
return other
def _draw(self, canvas, options):
p1 = self.p1
p2 = self.p2
x1,y1 = canvas.toScreen(p1.x,p1.y)
x2,y2 = canvas.toScreen(p2.x,p2.y)
return canvas.create_oval(x1,y1,x2,y2,options)
class Polygon(GraphicsObject):
def __init__(self, *points):
self.points = map(Point.clone, points)
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, ["outline", "width", "fill"])
def clone(self):
other = apply(Polygon, self.points)
other.config = self.config
return other
def getPoints(self):
return map(Point.clone, self.points)
def _move(self, dx, dy):
for p in self.points:
p.move(dx,dy)
def _draw(self, canvas, options):
args = [canvas]
for p in self.points:
x,y = canvas.toScreen(p.x,p.y)
args.append(x)
args.append(y)
args.append(options)
return apply(GraphWin.create_polygon, args)
class Circle(Oval):
def __init__(self, center, radius):
p1 = Point(center.x-radius, center.y-radius)
p2 = Point(center.x+radius, center.y+radius)
Oval.__init__(self, p1, p2)
self.radius = radius
def clone(self):
other = Circle(self.getCenter(), self.radius)
other.config = self.config
return other
def getRadius(self):
return self.radius
class Line(_BBox):
def __init__(self, p1, p2):
_BBox.__init__(self, p1, p2, ["arrow","fill","width"])
self.setFill(DEFAULT_CONFIG['outline'])
self.setOutline = self.setFill
def clone(self):
other = Line(self.p1, self.p2)
other.config = self.config
return other
def _draw(self, canvas, options):
p1 = self.p1
p2 = self.p2
x1,y1 = canvas.toScreen(p1.x,p1.y)
x2,y2 = canvas.toScreen(p2.x,p2.y)
return canvas.create_line(x1,y1,x2,y2,options)
def setArrow(self, option):
if not option in ["first","last","both","none"]:
raise BAD_OPTION
self._reconfig("arrow", option)
class Text(GraphicsObject):
def __init__(self, p, text):
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, ["justify","fill","text","font"])
self.setText(text)
self.anchor = p.clone()
self.setFill(DEFAULT_CONFIG['outline'])
self.setOutline = self.setFill
def _draw(self, canvas, options):
p = self.anchor
x,y = canvas.toScreen(p.x,p.y)
return canvas.create_text(x,y,options)
def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.anchor.move(dx,dy)
def clone(self):
other = Text(self.anchor, self.text)
other.config = self.config
return other
def setText(self,text):
self._reconfig("text", text)
def getText(self):
return self.config["text"]
def getAnchor(self):
return self.anchor.clone()
def setFace(self, face):
if face in ['helvetica','arial','courier','times roman']:
f,s,b = self.config['font']
self._reconfig("font",(face,s,b))
else:
raise BAD_OPTION
def setSize(self, size):
if 5 <= size <= 36:
f,s,b = self.config['font']
self._reconfig("font", (f,size,b))
else:
raise BAD_OPTION
def setStyle(self, style):
if style in ['bold','normal','italic', 'bold italic']:
f,s,b = self.config['font']
self._reconfig("font", (f,s,style))
else:
raise BAD_OPTION
class Entry(GraphicsObject):
def __init__(self, p, width):
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, [])
self.anchor = p.clone()
#print self.anchor
self.width = width
self.text = tk.StringVar(_root)
self.text.set("")
self.fill = "gray"
def _draw(self, canvas, options):
p = self.anchor
x,y = canvas.toScreen(p.x,p.y)
frm = tk.Frame(canvas.master)
self.entry = tk.Entry(frm, width=self.width, textvariable=self.text)
self.entry.pack()
self.setFill(self.fill)
return canvas.create_window(x,y,window=frm)
def getText(self):
return self.text.get()
def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.anchor.move(dx,dy)
def getAnchor(self):
return self.anchor.clone()
def clone(self):
other = Entry(self.anchor, self.width)
other.config = self.config
other.text = tk.StringVar()
other.text.set(self.text.get())
other.fill = self.fill
return other
def setText(self, t):
self.text.set(t)
def setFill(self, color):
self.fill = color
self.entry.config(bg=color)
class Image(GraphicsObject):
idCount = 0
imageCache = {} # keep images here to avoid gc
def __init__(self, p, file=None):
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, [])
self.file = file
self.anchor = p.clone()
self.imageId = Image.idCount
Image.idCount = Image.idCount + 1
def _draw(self, canvas, options):
p = self.anchor
x,y = canvas.toScreen(p.x,p.y)
img = tk.PhotoImage(file=self.file, master=canvas)
self.imageCache[self.imageId] = img # save in cache to avoid gc
return canvas.create_image(x,y,image=img)
def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.anchor.move(dx,dy)
def undraw(self):
del self.imageCache[self.imageId] # allow gc of tk photoimage
GraphicsObject.undraw(self)
def getAnchor(self):
return self.anchor.clone()
def clone(self):
other = Image(self.anchor, self.file)
other.config = self.config
return other
class GraphWin(tk.Canvas):
def __init__(self, title="Graphics Window", width=200, height=200):
master = tk.Toplevel(_root)
master.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.close)
tk.Canvas.__init__(self, master, width=width, height=height)
self.master.title(title)
self.pack()
master.resizable(0,0)
self.foreground = "black"
self.items = []
self.mouseX = None
self.mouseY = None
self.bind("<Button-1>", self._onClick)
self.height = height
self.width = width
self._mouseCallback = None
self.trans = None
def setBackground(self, color):
self.config(bg=color)
def setCoords(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):
self.trans = Transform(self.width, self.height, x1, y1, x2, y2)
def close(self):
self.master.destroy()
def plot(self, x, y, color="black"):
xs,ys = self.toScreen(x,y)
self.create_line(xs,ys,xs+1,ys, fill=color)
def plotPixel(self, x, y, color="black"):
self.create_line(x,y,x+1,y, fill=color)
def flush(self):
self.update_idletasks()
def getMouse(self):
self.mouseX = None
self.mouseY = None
while self.mouseX == None or self.mouseY == None:
self.update()
x,y = self.toWorld(self.mouseX, self.mouseY)
return Point(x,y)
def getHeight(self):
return self.height
def getWidth(self):
return self.width
def toScreen(self, x, y):
trans = self.trans
if trans:
return self.trans.screen(x,y)
else:
return x,y
def toWorld(self, x, y):
trans = self.trans
if trans:
return self.trans.world(x,y)
else:
return x,y
def setMouseHandler(self, func):
self._mouseCallback = func
def _onClick(self, e):
self.mouseX = e.x
self.mouseY = e.y
if self._mouseCallback:
self._mouseCallback(Point(e.x, e.y))
class Transform:
def __init__(self, w, h, xlow, ylow, xhigh, yhigh):
xspan = (xhigh-xlow)
yspan = (yhigh-ylow)
self.xbase = xlow
self.ybase = yhigh
self.xscale = xspan/float(w-1)
self.yscale = yspan/float(h-1)
def screen(self,x,y):
xs = (x-self.xbase) / self.xscale
ys = (self.ybase-y) / self.yscale
return int(xs+0.5),int(ys+0.5)
def world(self,xs,ys):
x = xs*self.xscale + self.xbase
y = self.ybase - ys*self.yscale
return x,y
from math import sin, cos, pi
RADFACTOR = pi/180
TWOPI = 2 * pi
class Turtle:
def __init__(self, window):
self.window = window
self.angle = 0
self.image = None
x,y = window.toWorld(window.width/2, window.height/2)
if window.trans:
self.__size = window.trans.xscale*10
else:
self.__size = 10
self.location = Point(x,y)
self.color = "black"
self.width = 1
self.visible = 0
self.penIsDown = 1
def _redraw(self):
if self.image and self.visible:
self.image.undraw()
self.image = None
if self.visible:
tip=self._nextPoint(self.__size)
image = self.image = Line(self.location, tip)
image.setArrow("last")
image.setFill(self.color)
image.setWidth(self.width)
image.draw(self.window)
self.window.update()
def hide(self):
if self.image and self.visible:
self.image.undraw()
self.visible = 0
def show(self):
self.visible = 1
if self.image:
self.image.draw(self.window)
else:
self._redraw()
def turn(self, degrees):
rads = degrees * RADFACTOR
self.angle = self.angle + rads
while self.angle > TWOPI:
self.angle = self.angle - TWOPI
while self.angle < 0:
self.angle = self.angle + TWOPI
self._redraw()
def turnTo(self, degrees):
rads = degrees * RADFACTOR
self.angle = rads
self._redraw()
def setLocation(self, p):
self.location = p
self._redraw()
def getLocation(self):
return self.location
def setWidth(self, width):
self.width = width
self._redraw()
def setColor(self, color):
self.color = color
self._redraw()
def move(self, units):
next = self._nextPoint(units)
if self.penIsDown:
line = Line(self.location, next)
line.setOutline(self.color)
line.setWidth(self.width)
line.draw(self.window)
self.location=next
self._redraw()
def moveTo(self, next):
if self.penIsDown:
line = Line(self.location, next)
line.setOutline(self.color)
line.setWidth(self.width)
line.draw(self.window)
self.location=next
self._redraw()
def penUp(self):
self.penIsDown = 0
def penDown(self):
self.penIsDown = 1
def _nextPoint(self, dist):
curr = self.location
dx = dist*cos(self.angle)
dy = dist*sin(self.angle)
return Point(curr.x+dx, curr.y+dy)
def color_rgb(r,g,b):
return "#%02x%02x%02x" % (r,g,b)
# create an invisible main root for all windows
_root = tk.Tk()
_root.withdraw()
def test():
win = GraphWin()
win.setCoords(0,0,10,10)
t = Text(Point(5,5), "Centered Text")
t.draw(win)
p = Polygon(Point(1,1), Point(5,3), Point(2,7))
p.draw(win)
e = Entry(Point(5,6), 10)
e.draw(win)
win.getMouse()
p.setFill("red")
p.setOutline("blue")
p.setWidth(2)
s = ""
for pt in p.getPoints():
s = s + "(%0.1f,%0.1f) " % (pt.getX(), pt.getY())
t.setText(e.getText())
e.setFill("green")
e.setText("Spam!")
e.move(2,0)
win.getMouse()
p.move(2,3)
s = ""
for pt in p.getPoints():
s = s + "(%0.1f,%0.1f) " % (pt.getX(), pt.getY())
t.setText(s)
win.getMouse()
p.undraw()
e.undraw()
t.setStyle("bold")
win.getMouse()
t.setStyle("normal")
win.getMouse()
t.setStyle("italic")
win.getMouse()
t.setStyle("bold italic")
win.getMouse()
t.setSize(14)
win.getMouse()
t.setFace("arial")
t.setSize(20)
win.getMouse()
win.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
test()