Anonymous

Lossless Uncompressed Formats

 AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format)
 AU
 BWF (Broadcast Wave Format)
 RIFF (Resource Interchange File Format)
 SD/SD2 (Sound Designer)
 SND
 SVX/IFF-8SVX/IFF-16SV (Interchange File Format)
 VOC
 WAV (Waveform)

Lossless Compressed Formats

 AIFC (Audio Interchange File Format Compressed)
 ALAC (Apple Lossless)
 ALS/LPAC/LTAC (Audio Lossless Coding, Lossless Predictive/Transform Audio Compression)
 APE (Monkey's Audio)
 BONK
 FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec)
 LA (Lossless Audio)
 OFR (OptimFROG)
 OSQ (Original Sound Quality)
 RAL (Real Audio Lossless)
 RKA (RK Audio)
 SHN (Shorten)
 TTA (True Audio)
 WMAL (Windows Media Audio Lossless)
 WV (Wavpack)

Hybrid Compressed Formats

 OFS+OFC (OptimFROG DualStream)
 WV+WVC (Wavpack Hybrid)

Lossy Compressed Formats

 AAC/AACPLUS (Advanced Audio Coding)
 AC3 (Dolby Digital)
 ADX (CRI Middleware)
 ATRAC/ATRAC3/ATRAC3PLUS (Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding)
 DTS (DTS Coherent Acoustics)
 HILN (Harmonic and Individual Lines and Noise)
 MP1/MP2/MP3/MP3PRO
 MPC/MPP (Musepack)
 OGG (Vorbis)
 RA (Real Audio - 1:VSELP,2:LD-CELP,3:AC3,4-5:ACELP-NET,6:COOK,8:ATRAC3,10:AAC/AACPLUS)
 SPX (Speex)
 WMA (Windows Media Audio)
 VOX (Dialogic ADPCM)
 VQF (Twin-VQ)

Container Formats

 MKA (Matroska)
 MP4/M4A
 OGG (for FLAC/SPX)

Notation Formats

 GTP/GP3/GP4/GP5 (GuitarPro)
 MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
 MXML (MusicXML)
 NIFF (Notation Interchange File Format)
 PTB (PowerTab)

Emulated Formats

 AY/AMAD (ZX spectrum, Amstrad CPC)
 GBS (Game Boy)
 GSF (Game Boy Advance)
 GYM/GSR (Mega Drive/Genesis)
 HES (Turbo Grafx-16)
 NSF/NSFe/NESA/NED (NES)
 PSF/PSF2 (Playstation, Playstation 2)
 SAP (Atari XL/XE)
 SID (Commondore 64)
 SNDH/SOG/SOC/YM (Atari ST)
 SPC (SNES)
 VGM (Mega Drive/Genesis, Master System, Game Gear)

Compressed Emulated Formats

 BRR (ADPCM Compressed SPC)
 RSN (RAR Compressed SPC)
 VGZ (GZ Compressed VGM)

Module Formats (based on ModPlug)

 669 (UNIS 669, 669 Composer)
 AMF (Asylum / DSMI)
 AMS (Velvet Studio)
 DSM (DSIK)
 FAR (Farandole Composer)
 IT (ImpulseTracker)
 MDL (DigiTracker)
 MOD (ProTracker: 4-32 channels, 15/31 samples)
 MTM (MultiTracker)
 NST (NoiseTracker)
 PTM (PolyTracker)
 STM/S3M (ScreamTracker)
 ULT (UltraTracker)
 UMX (Unreal Engine Music)
 WOW (Grave Composer)
 XM (FastTracker)

Compressed Module Formats

 ITZ (GZ Compressed IT)
 MDZ (GZ Compressed MOD)
 S3Z (GZ Compressed S3M)
 XMZ (GZ Compressed XM)

Amiga ExoticA Module Formats (based on Delitracker)

 22A/30A/40A/40B/41A/50A/60A/61A (The Player) 
 ABK (AMOS Music Bank)
 AC1D (AC1D-DC1A)
 AHX (Abyss Highest Experience)
 AMC (A.M.Composer)
 AON (ArtOfNoise)
 APS (AProSys)
 AST (Actionamics)
 BD/BDS (Benn Daglish)
 BP/BP3 (SoundMon)
 BSI/BFC (BSI - Future Composer)
 BSS (Beathoven Synthesizer)
 BST (BugSoundTracker)
 CHAN (Channel Player 1,2,3)
 CM (CustomMade)
 CRB (HeatSeeker)
 CUST (DeliTracker's Format for Amiga music not in any known format)
 DAT/SSD (Paul Robotham)
 DB/DBM/DIGI (DigiBooster, DigiBooster Pro)
 DI (Digital Illusions)
 DL/DLN (Dave Lowe, Dave Lowe New)
 DM/DM2/DMU (Delta Music)
 DS (Dynamic Synthesizer)
 DSS (Digital Sound Studio)
 DW (David Whittaker)
 DZ (Darius Zendeh)
 EA/MG (EarAche)
 EMS/EMS6 (Editeur Musical Sequentiel)
 EU (Eureka Packer)
 FC13/FC14 (Future Composer)
 FCM (FC-M Packer)
 FRED (FredEditor)
 FT (FuchsTracker)
 FTM (Face The Music)
 FUZ (Fuzzac Packer)
 FW (Forgotten World Player)
 GLUE (GlueMon)
 GMC (Game Music Creator)
 GMOD 
 HD (Howie Davies)
 HIP/HIPC (Hippel)
 HRT (Hornet Packer)
 IMS (Images Music System)
 IS (InStereo)
 IT10 (IceTracker)
 JAM (Jam Cracker)
 JCB (Jason Brooke)
 JD (SpecialFX)
 JMF (Janko Mrsic-Flogel)
 JP/JPO (Jason Page, Jason Page Old)
 JO (Jesper Olsen)
 KH (Kris Hatlelid)
 KRIS/MOD (ChipTracker)
 KSM (Kefrens Sound Machine)
 LME (Legless Music Editor)
 MA (Music Assembler)
 MC/MCO (Mark Cooksey, Mark Cooksey Old)
 MD (MikeDavies/Tiertex Player)
 MDL (DigitalTracker) 
 MED (OctaMed)
 MFP (Magnetic Fields)
 MKII (Mark2 Sound System)
 ML (Music Line Editor)
 MM4/MM8 (Music Maker)
 MMDC (MED Packer)
 MOD (SoundTracker/AudioSculpture/NoiseTracker/StarTrekker/Octalyser/ProTracker/TakeTracker)
 MOK (Silmarils)
 MON (Maniacs Of Noise)
 MP (Module Protector)
 MSO (Medley)
 MT2 - Major Tom 2/TheHolyNoise
 MUG/MUG2 (Digital Mugician)
 MW (Martin Walker)
 MXTX (MaxTrax)
 NEW (Newtron Packer)
 NRU (NoiseRunner)
 NP1/NP2/NP3 (NoisePacker)
 NTP (NovoTrade Packer)
 OKT (OktaLyser)
 OSP (Synth Pack)
 P10/P21/P30 (Pro-Packer)
 PAP (Pierre Adane Packer)
 PHA (Pro/Hanni Packer)
 PLR (PolkaRunner)
 PM (Power Music)
 PM01/PM10/PM20/PM40 (Promizer)
 POL (Polka Packer)
 PRU1/PRU2 (ProRunner)
 PS (Paul Shields)
 PSA (Professional Sound Artists)
 PSF (Soundfactory)
 PT (PowerTracker)
 PUMA (PumaTracker)
 PVP (Peter Verswyvelen)
 QC/EMOD (Quadra Composer)
 RH1/RH2 (Rob Hubbard)
 RIFF (Riff Raff)
 RJP/SNG/INS (Richard Joseph)
 SA/SONIC (Sonic Arranger)
 SAS (SpeedyA1System)
 SB (Steve Barrett)
 SC (Sound Control)
 SCN (Sean Connolly)
 SCR (Sean Conran)
 SCUMM
 SDR (Synth Dream)
 SFX (SoundFX)
 SG (Tomi Pakarinen)
 SID1/SID2 (SidMon)
 SKT (SKYT Packer)
 SM/SM1/SM2 (SoundMaster)
 SNK (Paul Summers)
 SP (Symphony Pleasure)
 SPL (Sound Prog. Lang)
 SPM/SPS (StoneTracker)
 SS (SpeedySystem)
 ST (SynTracker)
 STI (SlamTilt)
 STP (StarTrekker Packer)
 SUN (SUNTronic)
 SYN (Synthesis)
 TF (Follin Player II)
 TFMX/MDAT (The Final Musicsystem eXtended)
 THM (Thomas Hermann)
 TME (The music enlightment)
 TP1/TP2/TP3 (Tracker Packer)
 TW/TINY/DP/EP (SoundImages)
 UDS (Unique Development)
 UN1/UN2 (UNIC-Tracker)
 VD (Vector Dean)
 VSS (Voodoo Supreme Sythesizer)
 WB (Wally Beben)
 WN (Wanton Packer)
 XANN (Xann Packer)
 YMST
 ZEN (Zen Packer)
 ??? - BenReplay
 ??? - Compact ModFile
 ??? - DeltaPacker 1.0
 ??? - HCD-Protector
 ??? - JS-Player
 ??? - modCRUSHER
 ??? - MusicDiskTracker
 ??? - PanPacker
 ??? - Pygmy Packer
 ??? - Quartet
 ??? - SGT-Packer
 ??? - SoundClub
 ??? - ST-Cruncher
 ??? - TheDarkDemon
 ??? - Tracker Song
 ??? - TreasurePatterns 

DOS AdLib Module Formats (based on AdPlug)

 A2M (AdLib Tracker 2)
 AMD (AMUSIC Adlib Tracker)
 BAM (Bob's Adlib Music Format)
 CFF (BoomTracker 4.0)
 CMF (Sound Blaster synthesized FM-sound)
 D00 (EdLib)
 DFM (Digital-FM)
 DMO (Twin TrackPlayer)
 DRO (DOSBox Raw OPL)
 DTM (DeFy Adlib Tracker)
 HSC (HSC Adlib Composer)
 HSP (HSC Packed by Number Six)
 IMF (Apogee IMF)
 KSM (Ken Silverman)
 LAA (LucasArts AdLib Audio)
 LDS (LOUDNESS Sound System)
 M (Origin AdLib)
 MAD (Mlat Adlib Tracker)
 MKJ (MKJamz)
 MSC (AdLib MSCplay)
 MTK (MPU-401 Trakker)
 RAD (Reality ADlib Tracker)
 RAW (RdosPlay RAW)
 RIX (Softstar RIX OPL)
 ROL (AdLib Visual Composer)
 SAT/SA2 (Surprise! Adlib Tracker)
 SCI (Sierra's AdLib Audio)
 SNG (SNGPlay)
 XAD (eXotic ADlib Format)
 XMS (XMS-Tracker)
 XSM (eXtra Simple Music)

Misc Module Formats

 ADM (Atari Digi-Mix)
 DMF (X-Tracker)
 DTM (DigiTrekker Module)

Notes

 DST (Direct Stream Transfer - SACD Lossless Compression Format)
 MLP (Meridian Lossless Packing - DVD Audio Lossless Compression Format)