2. The change might be beneficial if a bacteria picks up a R plasmid, making it resistant to some antibiotics. There are many species of bacteria and some even have specialized proteins to take up floating DNA. Crossing over occurs and now the bacteria is a recombinant, this can happen many times, in many species, making it a useful way to increase genetic variability.
In transduction phages carry bacterial genes from one host cell to another. This could spread the viruss genes very quickly, because each time our cell divide it will contain theirs.
The leading end drags the copy of chromosomal DNA through the pili to the receiving F- plasmid. Usually the bacteria move and the conjugation breaks before it can complete. This way, the F-plasmid is partially diploid, containing its own DNA and some copied DNA from the F+ plasmid. The copy will eventually just flow into the plasmid and make one ring.
Conjugation is the direct transfer of genetic material between 2 bacteria cell. This can be good because the genes of plasmids may help bacteria that are living in a stressful place. A plasmid is a small, circular, self-replicating DNA molecule separate from the bacteria chromosome.
Not all bacteria are capable of forming a sex pili. Cells without a f+ plasmid cant make a pili bridge, only a f+ can. When the f+ gives its material to the f- one it and all of its offspring will become f+.