W2 - Epithelial Tissue 1 - Histo
1) Location, Structure, Function
Definition - Tissue
4 Tissue Types
Functions
Preparing tissues for microscopy - FWDESSM
Epithelia - Cover, Boundary/Interface, Glands
Characteristics - C,J,P,BL,LP,A,I,R,S
Classification - Number(3), Shape(3)
Types of Epithelia - 7
Simple squamous - Location - 2, Function - 4
Simple cuboidal - Location - 4, Function - 3
Simple columnar - Location - 3, Function - 3
Pseudostratified - Location - 2, Function - 3
Stratified squamous - Locations and Functions - 4
Stratified cuboidal - Locations and Functions - 2
Stratified columnar - pharynx, parts of male urethra
Transitional - Urinary. NOT KIDNEY. Irregular nuclei
W2 - Epithelial Cell Specialisations - Histo
1) Location & Structure & Function of cell specialisations
2) Compare and Contrast
Examples of specialisations - Apical(3), Cell Junctions(2), BM
BM Special stains - 3
BM = BL + RL
BM Composition - 3
Functions of BL - 5
Cell membrane Junctions - 1.1,1.3,1.1
OJ - F2, Properties1, L2
Transmembranous proteins >>>
ZA - similar to OJ + actin filaments, Properties - 3
MA - spot-like distribution not like ZA, intermediate filaments
Hemidesmosomes - anchoring filaments
Gap junctions - connexons has connexin permit passage of ions, coordinated action
Apical surface modificaitons - Microvilli(immotile)
Microvilli - microfilaments, surface area, visible brush border due to glycocalyx
Stereocilia - same as above but only in male reproductive duct, epidimis, ear
CIlia - axoneme(microtubules, 9+2), proteins(dynein) -> from basal body(9 pattern)
W2 - Intro to Biochem - Biochem
Nutrients - food - structure & classification - roles & functions
LO - 1) general structure of proteins
2) importance of amino acid side chain and protein folding to its function
Protein structure - Chaperone, fibrous or globular
Collagen - 25% of protien, scurvy, osteogenesis I
Protein - animal and plant products(nuts, soy, legumes)
Draw and describe the structure of an individual amino acid
Differentiate between primary to tertiary protein structures
Describe the importance of the individual amino acid sequence to function
Different sources of protein and why animal is better than plant
W2 - Carbs - Biochem
1) General structure of carbs (including dietary fibre)
2) Classification and biological functions of carbs
3) Process by which blood glucose levels are maintained + importance of glucose
4) Importance and sources of carbs in diet
Monosacc. -> 1:2:1 of carbon,hydrogen,oxygen
Disacc. -> glycosidic bond, alpha beta linkage
Polysacc. -> Starch, Fibre and Glycogen - grains, legumes, root veges
Starch -> amylose and amylopectin, amylase
Fibre -> mix of non-starch polysacc. - soluble and insoluble
Insoluble(cellulose) -> in plant cell wall, cellulase not present in stomach and lower
Soluble -> glucose and other sugars, in plant cell wall. bacteria ferment to form short chains
Glucose - most important source of energy, precursor for synthesis of all other carbs
Glucose - water soluble, can enter all cells, brain and RBC use only glucose ^glycosylation
stored form in liver, skeletal muscle, insoluble, readily converted back to glucose or energy
too much - can be converted to fatty acids(one way) and stored as triglycerides, amino acids
1) Describe the diff. between mono, di and polysacc. and complex carb vs simple sugar?
2) Why is glucose a good/preferred source of fuel
3) Describe how and where carbs are stored in the body
4) Diff. types of fibre and how they are processed and their health benefits
5) Benefits of natural vs added sugars and whole grains vs refined grains
W2 - Protein functions, Enzymes - Biochem
1) Protein/nitrogen balance
2) Functions of aa and proteins in body
3) Basic mechanisms of enzyme activity
Structure -> collagen, elastin, keratin
Movement -> actin and mysosin
Deamination -> in liver, to glucose or fat
Protein intake = nitrogen excretion
Proteolytic activation -> trypsinogen to trypsin
Co-factors - managanese, magnesium, calcium
1) Concept of protein/nitrogen balance and the factors behind +ve and -ve balance
2) Describe in detail at least 5 roles or protein in the body
3) Describe some methods used to regulate enzymes activity
4) Protein deficiency - kwashiorkor
W2 - DNA - Cell Bio
Hetero - dense, unactivated
AT and CG
1. The structure of DNA
2. DNA replication during cell division
3. How is genetic info used to make proteins
W2 - Medical Imaging Modalities - Anat
Identify examples, explain basic physics of -> Radiographs, CT, MRI, Radionuclide scans and ultrasound
Radiographs - short wavelength
PA - Back to front, AP - front to back
Angiography and DSA
Barium studies of the gut and Urinary System
Tomography and CT - good imaging of soft tissues and bone
MRI - good imaging of soft tissues - long wavelength
Bone marrow is white in CT and black in MRI
Magnetic Resonance Angiogram - without use of contrast agent
PET - radionuclide scans - metabolism of tissues - isotopes injected and detected
Ultrasound - high frequency sound waves - good imaging of soft tissues with fluid - doppler effects