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/* secondclient.c: second generation practise C networking program.  * 		this time in two parts, client and server. */#include <inttypes.h>#include <errno.h>#include <netdb.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <arpa/inet.h>#include <netinet/in.h>#include <sys/socket.h>#include <sys/types.h>#define MAXLEN 512void usage(char *);void inline printv6ip( const struct sockaddr *const addr) ;void inline printv4ip( const struct sockaddr *const addr) ;//by the dark prince may this code run smoothlyint main(int argc, char *argv[]){	int sockfd, nbuf;	//sockfd: our socket file descriptor				//nbuf: a return variable for our send and receive functions. 		int ai_ret;	//addrinfo return variable	in_port_t port;	//port address, to be cast to short at the appropriate time	char buf[MAXLEN];	//main buffer for trasnfering. 	struct addrinfo hints;	//hints struct for telling getaddrinfo wha its conditions are	struct addrinfo *addri_res, *addri_rp;	//addri_res: result pointer which getaddrinfo returns						//addri_rp: the pointer used when interacting with addrinfo data	struct sockaddr_in srvin;	//our trusty socket address. NOTE: not used in code, dispose?	//initialization block	addri_res = NULL;	addri_rp = NULL; 	bzero(&srvin, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));	if(argc != 3) {	//check for the right number of arguments		usage(argv[0]);	}	//NOTE: host and port are handled by the getaddrinfo function. 		//fill in the hints. 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));	hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; //either ip4 or ip6	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; //TCP likely	hints.ai_protocol = PF_UNSPEC; //effectively 0, either ip4 or ip6		if( (ai_ret = getaddrinfo(argv[1], argv[2], &hints, &addri_res)) != 0 ){		fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo(): %s\n", gai_strerror(ai_ret));		freeaddrinfo(addri_res);		exit(1);	}	//check if the result is null. bail if it is.	if( addri_res->ai_addr == NULL ) {		printf("No resolved address.\n");		freeaddrinfo(addri_res);		exit(0);	}	//initialize the working pointer and loop through all the results	for(addri_rp = addri_res; addri_rp != NULL; addri_rp = addri_rp->ai_next){		//check addr family, print out relevant ip addres		if( addri_rp->ai_family == AF_INET ) {			puts("Address Family: IPv4");			printv4ip( addri_rp->ai_addr );			struct sockaddr_in *psock = (struct sockaddr_in *) addri_rp->ai_addr;			printf("Port: %hu\n", htons(psock->sin_port));		} else if ( addri_rp->ai_family == AF_INET6 ) {			puts("Address Family: IPv6");			printv6ip( addri_rp->ai_addr);			struct sockaddr_in6 *psock = (struct sockaddr_in6 *) addri_rp->ai_addr;			printf("Port: %hu\n", htons(psock->sin6_port));		} else {			printf("Address Family: Other\n");		}		//check socket type		if( addri_rp->ai_socktype == SOCK_STREAM ) {			puts("Socket Type: Stream");		} else if( addri_rp->ai_socktype == SOCK_DGRAM ) {			puts("Socket Type: Datagram");		} else if( addri_rp->ai_socktype == SOCK_RAW ) {			puts("Socket Type: Raw");		} else if( addri_rp->ai_socktype == SOCK_SEQPACKET ) {			puts("Socket Type: Sequential" );		} else if( addri_rp->ai_socktype == SOCK_RDM ) {			puts("Socket Type: Reliable Datagram" );		} else {			puts("Socket Type: Unknown");		}		//check protocol type		if( addri_rp->ai_protocol == PF_UNIX ) {			puts("Protocol: Unix Domain");		} else if( addri_rp->ai_protocol == PF_INET ) {			puts("Protocol: IPv4");		} else if( addri_rp->ai_protocol == PF_INET6 ) {			puts("Protocol: IPv6");		} else if( addri_rp->ai_protocol == PF_IPX ) {			puts("Protocol: IPX"); 		} else if( addri_rp->ai_protocol == PF_NETLINK ) {			puts("Protocol: Kernel User Interface Device");		} else if( addri_rp->ai_protocol == PF_X25 ) { 			puts("Protocol: X25");		} else if( addri_rp->ai_protocol == PF_APPLETALK ) {			puts("Protocol: AppleTalk");		} else if( addri_rp->ai_protocol == PF_PACKET ) {			puts("Protocol: Low Level Packet");		} else if( addri_rp->ai_protocol == PF_UNSPEC ) {			puts("Protocol: IPv*");		} else if( addri_rp->ai_protocol == PF_NETROM ) {			puts("Protocol: Amateur Radio NetROM");		} else {			printf("Protocol: %d\n", addri_rp->ai_protocol);		}		//NOTE: oddly returns NetROM, figure out why, and possibly dispose of block.		printf("Creating socket... ");		if( (sockfd = socket(addri_rp->ai_family, addri_rp->ai_socktype, 				addri_rp->ai_protocol) ) == -1 ) 		{			printf("Failed.\n");			exit(1);		}		printf("Successful\n");		printf("Connecting... ");		ai_ret = 0;		if( ( ai_ret = connect(sockfd, addri_rp->ai_addr, addri_rp->ai_addrlen)) != -1) {			puts("Success.\n");			break;		} else {			printf("Failed\n");			perror(strerror(errno));			close(sockfd);		}	}	//clean up time ^_^	freeaddrinfo(addri_res);	close(sockfd);		return 0;}void usage(char *prog) {	printf("%s host\n", prog);	exit(1);}void inline printv4ip( const struct sockaddr *const addr) {	//takes the given sockaddr pointer, turns it into a sockaddr_in pointer,	//grabs the sin_addr member from it, and grabs the submember s_addr,	//and changes i to its pointer before turning it into an unsigned char to 	//assign to the pointer var. 	uint8_t *const poctet = (uint8_t *) &(((struct sockaddr_in *) addr)->sin_addr.s_addr);	printf("Address: %hhu.%hhu.%hhu.%hhu\n",*poctet, *(poctet + 1), *(poctet + 2), *(poctet + 3));	return;}	void inline printv6ip( const struct sockaddr *const addr) {	//see large comment for similar line in printv4ip	uint16_t *const poct = (uint16_t *) &( ( (struct sockaddr_in6 *) addr)->sin6_addr.s6_addr);	printf("Address: %hx:%hx:%hx:%hx:%hx:%hx:%hx:%hx\n", 		*poct, *(poct + 1),*(poct + 2),*(poct + 3),*(poct + 4),*(poct + 5),*(poct + 6),*(poct + 7));	return;}